World War IIWorld War II

Part IIPart II

StrategiesStrategies

Britain took Britain took advantage of a new advantage of a new technology: radartechnology: radar

Air raid sirensAir raid sirens Blackout curtainsBlackout curtains Bomb sheltersBomb shelters Fire Fighters*Fire Fighters* Blitz lasted for 57 Blitz lasted for 57

nightsnights

'Never in the field of 'Never in the field of human conflict has so human conflict has so much been owed by much been owed by so many to so few.' so many to so few.'

Most intense bombing Most intense bombing occurred between occurred between June 10 – Oct 31June 10 – Oct 31

Lasted through May Lasted through May 1941, when Germany 1941, when Germany turned towards turned towards SovietsSoviets

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolradio/rams/worldwar2audioclipslibrary_clip19.ram

So to recap…So to recap…

April 9, 1940 – Hitler takes Denmark and April 9, 1940 – Hitler takes Denmark and NorwayNorway

May 10 – Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, May 10 – Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France to British ChannelFrance to British Channel

June 10 – Fr govt fleesJune 10 – Fr govt flees June 14 – Germans take over ParisJune 14 – Germans take over Paris Aug 1940 – Luftwaffe hits London hardAug 1940 – Luftwaffe hits London hard

British Royal Airforce, Chamberlain – “Never in the British Royal Airforce, Chamberlain – “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”many to so few”

Operation Barbarossa

Hitler’s attempt to conquer the Soviet Union

3 million Germans pour into the Soviet Union – Blitzkrieg attacks

Soviets initially lose about 2.5 million soldiers (caught off guard – missing their purged generals)

Scorched Earth Policy

Soviets destroyed their own crops, farm equipment and factories to prevent the Germans from using them

General Winter slows German advancement

September 1941 – siege of Leningrad begins

Total WarTotal War

What does a war like this mean for the What does a war like this mean for the civilian population? civilian population?

America’s Involvement Lend-Lease Act

FDR persuades Congress to sell or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US”

Atlantic Charter – goal for the war – “final destruction of the Nazi tyranny”

“A day that will live in infamy” Pearl Harbor is bombed December 7, 1941 –

United States declares war on Japan the next day Germany and Italy declare war on US Allies meet and agree to target Europe, then Asia

North Africa Campaign

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_north_africa_campaign.shtml

German forces led by Erwin Rommel the “Desert Fox” Hitler wanted Suez Canal

Access to ME’s oil fields Cut off the India-Britain supply line

Axis and Allies battle back and forth through 1940 and 1941

1942 – Rommel aggressively takes N. Africa October 23, 1942 – 2nd Battle of El Alamein

– led by British General Bernard Montgomery

2nd Battle of El Alamein

October 23, 1942 – 2nd Battle of El Alamein – led by British General Bernard Montgomery

Allied troops provide reinforcementsN. Africa liberated by Allies, victory May

13, 1943

Australian Troops Attacking

El Alamein War Cemetary

American tank destroyers in Tunisia pass a farm on their way to battle Erwin Rommel's

Afrika Korps in 1943

Onto Italy

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_italy_campaign.shtml

Allies invade Italy on July 10, 1943Described as the “Beginning of the End” in

Anne Frank’s Diary

Meanwhile…Meanwhile…

Battle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad Hitler is determined to capture Stalin’s Hitler is determined to capture Stalin’s

namesake city; Stalin determined to namesake city; Stalin determined to defenddefend

Germans surround the city, Russians Germans surround the city, Russians encircle the Germans…encircle the Germans…

Winter sets inWinter sets in Germans surrender early 1943 and Germans surrender early 1943 and

lose over 300,000 men; one of the lose over 300,000 men; one of the costliest battles of the warcostliest battles of the war

Red Army launches a counter attack Red Army launches a counter attack immediately after and pushes the immediately after and pushes the Germans out of the Soviet Union – the Germans out of the Soviet Union – the retreat beginsretreat begins

D-Day http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/

launch_ani_overlord_campaign.shtml June 6, 1944 The 5000-vessel armada stretched as far as the

eye could see, transporting over 150,000 men and nearly 30,000 vehicles across the channel to the French beaches.

Six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men -- were flown from nine British airfields in over 800 planes.

More than 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs over coastal Normandy immediately in advance of the invasion.

Fun Facts Compliments of BBC War planners had projected that 5,000 tons of gasoline

would be needed daily for the first 20 days after the initial assault. In one planning scenario, 3,489 long tons of soap would be required for the first four months in France.

By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore, securing French coastal villages. And within weeks, supplies were being unloaded at UTAH and OMAHA beachheads at the rate of over 20,000 tons per day.

Captured Germans were sent to American prisoner of war camps at the rate of 30,000 POWs per month from D-Day until Christmas 1944. Thirty-three detention facilities were in Texas alone.

Success of D-DaySuccess of D-Day

Paris is liberated on August 25, 1944Paris is liberated on August 25, 1944All of France is freedAll of France is freed

Soviets Begin Advancing EastSoviets Begin Advancing East

After Battle of Stalingrad, Germans began After Battle of Stalingrad, Germans began to continually lose groundto continually lose ground

Closest attempt on Hitler’s Life: July 20, 1944Closest attempt on Hitler’s Life: July 20, 1944

10 minute challenge – go!10 minute challenge – go!

Use pages 966-972Use pages 966-972Create a propaganda poster that illustrates Create a propaganda poster that illustrates

one of the concerns of France, Germany, one of the concerns of France, Germany, Britain, or Russia during WW IIBritain, or Russia during WW II

*Insert Class Discussion of Domestic *Insert Class Discussion of Domestic Challenges during the War here* Challenges during the War here*

Bombing GermanyBombing Germany

For two years the Allied For two years the Allied forces mercilessly forces mercilessly bombed German military bombed German military bases, factories, railroads, bases, factories, railroads, oil depots, and major oil depots, and major citiescities Hamburg – 10 day Hamburg – 10 day

bombing nearly levels bombing nearly levels the citythe city

Dresden – 135,000 Dresden – 135,000 people killed February people killed February 19451945

Hamburg Before the BombingHamburg Before the Bombing

Hamburg AfterHamburg After

Dresden in RuinsDresden in Ruins