11

22

WW-1 started in Europe & later extended across the globe

Known as Great War & 1st total war as it encompasses all resources-modern industrialized total war

Belligerents mobilized their masses, industries & armies for the first time

Intl History (IR Hist); 1900-1990

33

WW-II more global in nature & total in scope

Brought fundamental changes in global Politics

European Status; Arbiter of world affairs before WW-II

Intl History (IR Hist); 1900-1990

44

WW-II brought Europe & USSR deeper into Europe

Like WW-I & II, Cold war has its

original EU & subsequent spread all over

Great War brought demise of four

European powers

Intl History (IR Hist); 1900-1990

55

New Economic & Military Centers in

Washington and Moscow -Two Super

Powers

Most Tangible legacy of WW-II Atomic bomb-

a clash between Germany & US

Nuclear bomb-the most threatening weapon of

WW-II

Transformation of world politically, technically

& ideologically

66

From Year 1900 Three Changes at global

level;

Transition from European crises to

modern industrialized total war

End of empires & withdrawal of European

powers from their colonies

Cold war; pol, mil & nuc confrontration b/w US

& USSR

77

Debate & a blame game – about the origin of WW-I

Versailles treaty & declaring Germany as responsible of WW-I

German historian Fritz Fischer 1967- German aggression to satisfy its internal political needs of an autocratic needs

Modern Total War

88

Nationalist beliefs & patriotism of masses in Europe to fight the war

Assumptions that; War would be short lived, victorious & glorious

Advent of trench warfare & Invention of New Weapon-MG

Japan as an ally of UK in WW-I US entrance & Russian exit from the war

theatre of WW-I Concept of Total war; whole societies &

economies mobilized; men conscripted & women sent to factories

Modern Total War

99

Woodrow Wilson 14 Pts; became base for Paris conference in 1919

German agreed to armistice: US threat, UK naval blockade & failure of its last military offensive in West

Failure of VPT to tackle the Europe’s central problem of security like: A united and frustrated Germany Precipitated German revanchism by

creating new states & contested borders

1010

30 yrs War: 30 yrs War: 1914 to 1945 1914 to 1945 20 yrs Crises: 1919 to 193920 yrs Crises: 1919 to 1939 Economic Crises & Wall Street Crash of 1929 Economic Crises & Wall Street Crash of 1929

:Weakened liberal democracies & :Weakened liberal democracies & strengthened; communists, fascists & Nazis strengthened; communists, fascists & Nazis

Unemployment & inflation world over, Unemployment & inflation world over, Germany as the worst hit – grounds for Germany as the worst hit – grounds for Nazis coming to powerNazis coming to power

1933; Adolf Hitler ceased power & 1933; Adolf Hitler ceased power & transformation of German nation begintransformation of German nation begin

AJP Taylr; Origin of WW-II, Hitler was not AJP Taylr; Origin of WW-II, Hitler was not different than others- only difference was different than others- only difference was philosophy of Nazism & racial supremacyphilosophy of Nazism & racial supremacy

1111

Failure of Munich Agreement Failure of Munich Agreement of 1938 by UK & French with of 1938 by UK & French with Hitler on Czechoslovakia’s Hitler on Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland Sudetenland

Hitler’s capture of Hitler’s capture of Czechoslovakia – a drive to Czechoslovakia – a drive to capture Poland capture Poland

1939; Blitzkrieg; Armoured & 1939; Blitzkrieg; Armoured & Air warfare; a concept over Air warfare; a concept over the great war the great war

1212

Hitler’s support to his Italian ally Hitler’s support to his Italian ally Mussolini in Balkans & drive to North Mussolini in Balkans & drive to North Africa Africa

1941; Hitler’s invasion in Russia 1941; Hitler’s invasion in Russia Massive early victories in the Eastern Massive early victories in the Eastern

front & winter stalemate front & winter stalemate Mobilization of Soviets after Mobilization of Soviets after German German

Brutality in Occupied areasBrutality in Occupied areas German anti-semitism & holocaust German anti-semitism & holocaust Jews genocide by Germans Jews genocide by Germans

1313

Rise & Fall of JapanRise & Fall of Japan Failure of concept of collective security – Failure of concept of collective security –

Basis of Leagues of Nations Basis of Leagues of Nations US Senate prevented US participation in US Senate prevented US participation in

LoNLoN Soviet Union remained awaySoviet Union remained away Japanese aggression against Manchuria Japanese aggression against Manchuria

in 1931in 1931 Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopian EmpireEthiopian Empire))

19351935 German involved in Spanish civil war 1936-39German involved in Spanish civil war 1936-39

1414

1868: Japan came out of the isolation in 1868: Japan came out of the isolation in Imperialistic mode – rapid Imperialistic mode – rapid industrializationindustrialization

Japanese attack on China in 1937Japanese attack on China in 1937 US Economic sanctions against Japan and US Economic sanctions against Japan and

Japanese surprise attack on US fleet at Japanese surprise attack on US fleet at Pearl Harbour on Dec 7, 1941Pearl Harbour on Dec 7, 1941

Germany & Italy declared war on US as a Germany & Italy declared war on US as a retaliationretaliation

US prioritized the European theatre over US prioritized the European theatre over Pacific Pacific

1515

Strategic bombing on German cities Strategic bombing on German cities and later Japanese industrial bases and later Japanese industrial bases

Defeat of Germany; before or after Defeat of Germany; before or after Atomic attacks on Hiroshima & Atomic attacks on Hiroshima & Nagasaki Nagasaki

Gar Aalperovitz – Atomic Diplomacy- Gar Aalperovitz – Atomic Diplomacy- 1965 1965

Use of atom to; coerce Moscow Use of atom to; coerce Moscow

1616

End of EmpireEnd of Empire

Started after WW-IStarted after WW-I Right of Self determination became a Right of Self determination became a

guiding principle for the end of guiding principle for the end of colonialismcolonialism

UN Charter and self determination in UN Charter and self determination in clash clash

Reduction of European power / arbitrary Reduction of European power / arbitrary role role

UK, Portugal & French as Colonial powers UK, Portugal & French as Colonial powers

1717

Factors Influenced the Factors Influenced the DecolonizationDecolonization

Legacies & Conceptions of Nationalism Legacies & Conceptions of Nationalism NationalismNationalism Awareness & CommunicationAwareness & Communication Civil Wars Civil Wars Different attitude for different aims Different attitude for different aims

1818

Cold WarCold War

Rise of USA in world Pol & its Rise of USA in world Pol & its conflict with USSRconflict with USSR

USSR Emergence in world politics USSR Emergence in world politics Start of Cold war -1917, 1942 , Start of Cold war -1917, 1942 ,

1945 or 1950s1945 or 1950s Concepts; cold war started because Concepts; cold war started because

misperceptions or ?misperceptions or ?

1919

Phases of Cold WarPhases of Cold War

1945-53; Onset of Cold War1945-53; Onset of Cold War 1953-1969; Conflict, confrontation 1953-1969; Conflict, confrontation

and compromise and compromise 1969-79; The Rise & Fall of Détente 1969-79; The Rise & Fall of Détente 1979-86; 21979-86; 2ndnd cold warcold war

2020

The Onset of Cold War 1945 - 53The Onset of Cold War 1945 - 53

Div of EU – Gem Poland etcDiv of EU – Gem Poland etc USSR Determinate of USSR Determinate of EU EU - a can of - a can of

explosion of ideology's by USSRexplosion of ideology's by USSR Truman’s Dolerchi of Continent of USSR Truman’s Dolerchi of Continent of USSR

& economci Recovery Plan (Marshal Plan & economci Recovery Plan (Marshal Plan for Western EU Jem 1947for Western EU Jem 1947

2121

Estate EU – Maint – leminst faces in Estate EU – Maint – leminst faces in EU & USSR when brought poor lets EU & USSR when brought poor lets Yugoslavia is method title who poor Yugoslavia is method title who poor NAMNAM1st cold war camphorate over British 1st cold war camphorate over British under USSR & its Rd + rail can + under USSR & its Rd + rail can + blockhead of west below pipblockhead of west below pip

2222

US depl in UK with Nuc Wpn air US depl in UK with Nuc Wpn air craftcraftNATO in 1949 – principle of NATO in 1949 – principle of collectivecollectiveSecurity self defence ingressive in Security self defence ingressive in ART 51 of UN charterART 51 of UN charterCert of US to defend WEU but all Cert of US to defend WEU but all certs against for USSR through US certs against for USSR through US with of Nuc wpns. with of Nuc wpns.

2323

Dev in Asia – Chinese war endeed in Dev in Asia – Chinese war endeed in 1949 under Mao Tending 30 yr war 1949 under Mao Tending 30 yr war endeedendeedInter Korea war – involved of US & Inter Korea war – involved of US & Chinese – 3 million deaths (3 yr Chinese – 3 million deaths (3 yr war)war)Dev in middle east Jewish state both Dev in middle east Jewish state both US, UK+ USC against war of Arbor US, UK+ USC against war of Arbor + Jahad above name+ Jahad above name

2424

1953 – 69, Conflict, Cafeteria & 1953 – 69, Conflict, Cafeteria & CaperingCapering

US forces in western Europe after Korea US forces in western Europe after Korea warwar

Resent of west German – federal Rep of Resent of west German – federal Rep of Germany by US, UK, for a 1954.Germany by US, UK, for a 1954.

Creative of war saw pad in 1955Creative of war saw pad in 1955 1960 there Nuc Wpn in WEU alien1960 there Nuc Wpn in WEU alien

2525

USSR threats with Nuc USSR threats with Nuc 1953- Death of stain & Refunds in 1953- Death of stain & Refunds in

Eastern EU + Hanging adverting Eastern EU + Hanging adverting that red Army attk &that red Army attk & blood shot in blood shot in HungingHunging

Khrushchev policy towards EU- Mix Khrushchev policy towards EU- Mix of pol coexistence + delve café ion of pol coexistence + delve café ion

2626

Growth of hut org Growth of hut org – cold war – cold war

Crises in begin in 1961 & cube in 1962Crises in begin in 1961 & cube in 1962Risk of Nuc War 1962 Risk of Nuc War 1962 Ease after 1963 – peaEase after 1963 – peaNuc wpn & Britain in 1952 for 1960 Nuc wpn & Britain in 1952 for 1960 Chinese 1964 rusk in 1949Chinese 1964 rusk in 1949NPT – 1968 but Nuc Wpn cat their 1990 NPT – 1968 but Nuc Wpn cat their 1990 their date.their date.

2727

Rise & Fall of Détente 1969 – 1979Rise & Fall of Détente 1969 – 1979

US cert in VictoriaUS cert in Victoria USSR PRC clash differenceUSSR PRC clash difference Foundation of death b/w USSR & Foundation of death b/w USSR &

USAUSA Reproach b/w USA & ChineseReproach b/w USA & Chinese

22ndnd Cold War Cold War