The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era1890-19201890-1920

Roosevelt and ProgressivismRoosevelt and Progressivism

The Rise of ProgressivismThe Rise of Progressivism

What problems did reformers seek to solve?What problems did reformers seek to solve? Problems from rapid growth of cities and Problems from rapid growth of cities and

industry.industry. Political and social reform movements Political and social reform movements

emerged.emerged. Progressivism – to promote social welfare; Progressivism – to promote social welfare;

to expand democracy, and to create to expand democracy, and to create economic reform.economic reform.

Promoting Social ReformPromoting Social Reform

Progressive movement helped by journalists – Progressive movement helped by journalists – muckrakers – tried to discover corruption in muckrakers – tried to discover corruption in society. Fueled public demand for reform.society. Fueled public demand for reform.

Social reform – help the poor, the unemployed, Social reform – help the poor, the unemployed, immigrants, and workers.immigrants, and workers.

Provided education, community centers, limits on Provided education, community centers, limits on working hours, minimum wage laws; working hours, minimum wage laws; Prohibitionist –prevent alcohol sales and Prohibitionist –prevent alcohol sales and manufacutring. (temperance movement)manufacutring. (temperance movement)

Expanding DemocracyExpanding Democracy

Patronage – giving jobs in exchange for political Patronage – giving jobs in exchange for political support.support.

Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 –pass a test Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 –pass a test for gov. jobs and no firing for political reasons.for gov. jobs and no firing for political reasons.

Direct Primary –voters could choose candidates Direct Primary –voters could choose candidates for public office. for public office.

Initiative- voters may directly propose laws.Initiative- voters may directly propose laws. Referendum – Voters can approve proposed laws.Referendum – Voters can approve proposed laws. Recall – Elected officials can be voted out of Recall – Elected officials can be voted out of

office.office.

Creating Economic ReformCreating Economic Reform

Trusts – created to cut prices and squeeze Trusts – created to cut prices and squeeze out competition. Raise prices and make out competition. Raise prices and make large profits.large profits.

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – made trust Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – made trust illegal; but not enforced yet.illegal; but not enforced yet.

Identify problems that progressive Identify problems that progressive reformers wanted to solve.reformers wanted to solve.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Theodore Roosevelt’s Square DealDeal

What was Roosevelt’s Square Deal?What was Roosevelt’s Square Deal? 1901 – Roosevelt youngest1901 – Roosevelt youngest president that the president that the

nation had ever had.nation had ever had. Known for fighting corruption; government’s Known for fighting corruption; government’s

purpose was to ensure fairness. purpose was to ensure fairness. Square Deal – policy to ensure fairness for Square Deal – policy to ensure fairness for

workers, consumers, and big business.workers, consumers, and big business. Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act – targeted Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act – targeted

railroads; Standard Oil Co. and tobacco. railroads; Standard Oil Co. and tobacco.

Protecting ConsumersProtecting Consumers

Upton Sinclair’s – Upton Sinclair’s – The Jungle – The Jungle – exposed exposed sanitary conditions of the meat packing sanitary conditions of the meat packing industry.industry.

Meat Inspection Act – created government Meat Inspection Act – created government inspection of meat program. inspection of meat program.

Pure Food and Drug Act – banned the sale Pure Food and Drug Act – banned the sale of impure foods and medicines. of impure foods and medicines.

Conserving Natural ResourcesConserving Natural Resources

Strong crusader for Strong crusader for conservationconservation – – controlling how natural resources were controlling how natural resources were used.used.

Preserved Grand Canyon; Muir Preserved Grand Canyon; Muir Woods(CA); wildlife refuge at Pelican Woods(CA); wildlife refuge at Pelican Island (FL). Island (FL).

Created the U.S. Forest Service Created the U.S. Forest Service Name the accomplishments of Roosevelt’s Name the accomplishments of Roosevelt’s

Square Deal. Square Deal.

Roosevelt’s Civil Rights Roosevelt’s Civil Rights DilemmaDilemma

What was Roosevelt’s civil rights dilemma?What was Roosevelt’s civil rights dilemma? Did not push for civil rights and suffrage, Did not push for civil rights and suffrage,

but did feel African-Americans would but did feel African-Americans would achieve if given the same opportunities as achieve if given the same opportunities as whites.whites.

Appointed African Americans to Souther Appointed African Americans to Souther political offices; denounced lynching.political offices; denounced lynching.

Fierce OppositionFierce Opposition

Invited Booker T. Washington to stay for dinner Invited Booker T. Washington to stay for dinner after a meeting in the White House.after a meeting in the White House.

Angered many Southerners. Angered many Southerners. Afraid it might hurt his bid for re-election; never Afraid it might hurt his bid for re-election; never

asked an African American to dinner again.asked an African American to dinner again. Re-elected, but no more to advance African Re-elected, but no more to advance African

American rights; Atlanta race riots; Aasoldiers American rights; Atlanta race riots; Aasoldiers discharged for allegedly conspiring to protect discharged for allegedly conspiring to protect fellow AA soldiers.fellow AA soldiers.