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Around the world – from Libya to Egypt; from the death of Osama Bin Laden to the rise of citizen journalism – social media is changing the way we communicate. What does social media mean in the 21st century and what will it do to governments and democracies? Thomas Tudehope will explain social media trends and what they mean, what is happening domestically and abroad and how individuals can influence the political landscape through digital activism. This presentation was first deliver at the Limmud Oz Conference at UNSW in Sydney.
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Background
SR7 – reputation and risk management
Press Secretary for Malcolm Turnbull
US Elections
Sky News
Not a GEEK
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
Today
What is social media
How is changing how we communicate
What does it mean for democracy here and abroad
Where to next?
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
What is social media?
“Social Media Networking” is based on web 2.0 functionality; however, simply using web 2.0 functionality is not sufficient to develop social media networking
Social Media is composed of several web platforms that allow you to communicate instead of only informing
Networking is a verb and therefore implies action
It is personal and better used to tell stories, create dialogue and partnerships
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
What are social media platforms?
Why social media?
Ten most popular sites on the web: 1. Facebook
2. YouTube
3. Google
4. GMAIL
5. Hotmail
6. Twitter
7. Tumbler
8. Yahoo
9. Skype
10. MSN
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Facebook… some statistics
500 million users worldwide. 10 million in Australia.
88% of people know about Facebook.
40% of users follow a brand.
40% login everyday.
Valued at $50 billion.
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Twitter… some statistics
25% of users follow a brand.
67% of brand followers purchase that brand.
37% login via mobile.
53% of users post an update every day.
2 million Australian users.
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
SOCIAL MEDIA REVOLUTIONS?
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“The power of social media: synchronize the behavior of groups quickly, cheaply and publicly in ways unavailable
a decade ago”.
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Middle East and North AfricaPopulation:
400 million.
Democracy Index: Democracies – 1 Hybrid regimes – 3 Authoritarian regimes- 16
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The Baghdad Blogger
Salam Pax.
Blogged through the 2003 Iraq war.
Innovative use of social media in a confined environment.
"Anyway, all that doesn’t matter now. Saddam is gone, thanks to you. Was it worth it? Be assured it was. We all know that it got to a point where we would have never been rid of Saddam without foreign intervention; I just wish it would have been a bit better planned."
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EGYPT
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Ready for change?
85 million Egyptians
21 million internet subscriptions
With an average consumption of 900 minutes per month
4.5 million Facebook users
26, 000 Twitter users.
Long standing leader – Mubarak
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Egypt’s State Media
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Egypt’s State Media
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[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
What really happened in Egypt?
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[email protected] | Twitter @TommyTudehope
Khaled Said Trigger point.
Facebook group – we are all Khaled Said – 87, 000 members.
Put a face to a cause.
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January 24
Khaled Said group promoted a protest event.
Google Maps was used to show meeting points.
Shared Google documents showed logistical requirements.
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How do you respond to an uprising?
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Speak to Tweet
In response and driven from the international community Speak to Tweet was born.
Allowed users to call a number and leave a message that was automatically posted to Twitter.
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Alive in Egypt
First advertised on February 2.
Collected tweets from speak to tweet.
Volunteers collated the data using Google Maps and Skype.
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Twitter – before, during and after
Egyptians were tweeting well before the protests began.
As protests took hold Twitter peaked with a flurry of vital information Where were police? Directions? How many?
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Where were people communicating?
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Where was the traffic coming from?
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Social Media Organised Protests
Well before the internet shutdown social media was used to organise protests in Egypt.
Without these mass organising tools there would have been fewer people on the ground.
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Social Media Shaped the Narrative
In situations of chaos, the side who can quickly shape the narrative that sticks will have the upper hand.
Chaos v Revolt.
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Social Media Pressured Washington
Washington was stuck between a rock and hard place.
Flood of social media activity would have helped shaped their thinking.
Social media showed a truer picture of what was happening.
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IRAN
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Background
Islamic Republic of Iran
Population of 65 million.
Mass media state controlled.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad came to power in 2005.
Real power lies with ‘spiritual guardians’.
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Elections Held on June 12,
2009
Four candidates including Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Moussavi (reformer).
Both candidates claimed victory after first polls.
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Election Results
Directly after the polls closed online sources begin to hint a possible fraud in voting process.
Suggestion of fraud led to some protests in Tehran.
Received little media attention.
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June 13 and 14 protests
Mainstream media blamed for poor coverage.
Al Jazeera English claims Iranian leadership censoring information.
NBC in Tehran raided.
BBC signal jammed.
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June 14 and 15
Rumors of Mousavi’s arrest flood the web.
Supreme Ayatollah issues slight recount of votes.
Iranian football team wear green armbands.
US government asks Twitter to postpone downtime.
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June 19 and 21
Violence escalates.
Social media becomes the primary means for communication for citizens.
Death of NedaSoltani Basij becomes rallying point for anti-government protestors.
State television reports only 10 people killed.
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Social Media takes off
At its peak 221,000 an hour at its peak.
2.2 million blog posts in 24 hours.
184, 500 videos on YouTube.
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What role did Social Media play in Iran
Organisation Through Facebook
and Twitter for physical action.
Participation Correcting the
record. #CNNFAIL
Communication With each other and
the outside world.
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The revolution spreads
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What can we learn from Egypt et al
We are now living in a new media paradigm.
Media ‘entities’ no longer have a monopoly on the news.
Citizen journalism.
Beginning of the beginning.
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Stay local, go global
The mobile phone now connects local activists to a global audience – photo now, CNN next.
Solidarity.
Exposure
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Media as we know it…
Social media has drastically changed how conventional media works.
Trust and reliability
Speed and accuracy
Choice
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Osama Bin Laden
News first broke on social media.
Was sourced, verified and authenticated before any government figure said a word.
Who breaks news now?
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What does this all mean for Israel?
Change can happen in the Middle East.
In a social media paradigm it will be rapid and far reaching.
The oppressed now have a voice.
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Is Social Media Social Change
Malcolm Gladwell argued that social media cannot provide what social change needs.
Connections are weak and built around a media cycle.
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QUESTIONS…