Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela& the Apartheid& the Apartheid

Kristen Michelle Lozada SotoKristen Michelle Lozada SotoJennifer Marrero PereaJennifer Marrero PereaProf. EliasProf. Elias

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was

born in a village near Umtata in born in a village near Umtata in the Transkei on the 18 July the Transkei on the 18 July 1918. 1918.

At the height of the Second At the height of the Second World War a small group of World War a small group of young Africans, members of the young Africans, members of the African National Congress, African National Congress, banded together under the banded together under the leadership of Anton Lembede. leadership of Anton Lembede. Among them was Nelson Among them was Nelson Mandela. Mandela.

It started out with 60 members.It started out with 60 members.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela In opposition to the old In opposition to the old

guard', Lembede and guard', Lembede and his colleagues espoused his colleagues espoused a radical African a radical African Nationalism grounded in Nationalism grounded in the principle of national the principle of national self-determination. In self-determination. In September 1944 they September 1944 they came together to found came together to found the Africa National the Africa National Congress Youth League Congress Youth League (ANCYL). (ANCYL).

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson

Mandela argued for the setting up of a military Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC.wing within the ANC.

In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, and the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. plotting to overthrow the government by violence.

His statement from the dock received His statement from the dock received considerable international publicity. On June 12, considerable international publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment.were sentenced to life imprisonment.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela

During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily. reputation grew steadily.

He was widely accepted as the most significant He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength. movement gathered strength.

He consistently refused to compromise his He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom.political position to obtain his freedom.

Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990.1990.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela In 1991, at the first national In 1991, at the first national

conference of the ANC held conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after inside South Africa after the organization had been the organization had been banned in 1960.banned in 1960.

Mandela was elected Mandela was elected President of the ANC while President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organization's became the organization's National Chairperson.National Chairperson.

Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace PrizeHe won the Nobel peace He won the Nobel peace

prize in 1993.prize in 1993.He shared it with Mr. He shared it with Mr.

Frederik Willem Klerk.Frederik Willem Klerk. ““For their work for the For their work for the

peaceful termination of peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, the apartheid regime, and for laying the and for laying the foundations for a new foundations for a new democratic South Africa"democratic South Africa"

Nelson Mandela’s Nelson Mandela’s QuotesQuotes

““A good head and a good heart are always a A good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination.”formidable combination.”

“ “For to be free is not merely to cast off one's For to be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.”enhances the freedom of others.”

““I learned that courage was not the absence I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.” who conquers that fear.”

ApartheidApartheidThe Apartheid in South The Apartheid in South

Africa was a system of Africa was a system of racial segregation. This racial segregation. This system was enforced by system was enforced by the National Party the National Party between 1948 and 1994. between 1948 and 1994. After the elections of After the elections of 1994, reforms were made 1994, reforms were made to it, but still parts of the to it, but still parts of the apartheid shape the apartheid shape the south African society and south African society and politics.politics.

Anti-Apartheid Anti-Apartheid MovementMovement

The anti-apartheid movement was the first successful The anti-apartheid movement was the first successful transnational social movement in the era of transnational social movement in the era of globalization. globalization.

The movement began after a massive turnout by rural The movement began after a massive turnout by rural Afrikaners gave Rev. Daniel Malan’s Nationalist Party a Afrikaners gave Rev. Daniel Malan’s Nationalist Party a majority of five seats in the whites-only Parliament of majority of five seats in the whites-only Parliament of the Union of South Africa on May 26, 1948.the Union of South Africa on May 26, 1948.

The Nationalists won on a racist platform that played The Nationalists won on a racist platform that played on white fears of the “black threat” and promised to on white fears of the “black threat” and promised to establish strict “apartheid” or separate development establish strict “apartheid” or separate development policies to counter it.policies to counter it.

Anti-Apartheid Anti-Apartheid MovementMovement

There were two main aspects of the anti-apartheid There were two main aspects of the anti-apartheid movement: the internal campaign and the external.movement: the internal campaign and the external.

At the heart of the movement was the struggle of At the heart of the movement was the struggle of black Africans to end white supremacy in South Africa. black Africans to end white supremacy in South Africa.

This internal movement was both a catalyst for actions This internal movement was both a catalyst for actions at the international level and the critical link that gave at the international level and the critical link that gave coherence to the movement as a whole. coherence to the movement as a whole.

The external effort can be divided into two fronts: (1) The external effort can be divided into two fronts: (1) regional efforts to provide military bases, material, regional efforts to provide military bases, material, and diplomatic support for liberation movements; and and diplomatic support for liberation movements; and (2) the diaspora movement, which focused on seeking (2) the diaspora movement, which focused on seeking international sanctions against the regime and international sanctions against the regime and providing direct aid to the liberation movements.providing direct aid to the liberation movements.

Anti-ApartheidAnti-Apartheid

The EndThe End““There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.” for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.”