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Political philosophy

Liberal democratic and Marxist/socialist countries are two different forms of government

found in the 20th century. Liberal democratic is a form of government where the majority rules

and works to the standards of progressivism. Additionally, there is freedom of each person in the

society as a human being. Everyone is subjected to equality, and there is the independence of

people (Eagles, Johnston and Holoman 65). Nonetheless, a socialist country has the government

or the public as a whole controlling the economy, including production and dispersion of goods

(Marx and Engels 30). Thus, the paper examines why communist revolution is not suitable in the

21st C.

Kant recognizes individual freedom, equality and independence of members of the

society (74). However, the socialist approach does not understand the aspects of human life.

Socialism has had adverse impacts on economies across the globe. By nationalizing useful

resources and setting the administration under the control of authorities who have neither the

ability nor the inspiration to manage them proficiently, socialism makes people view themselves

not as independent, but instead as dependents of the state for each part of their prosperity (Smit

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22). On the contrary, liberal democratic countries are efficient in their use of resources since

services and goods are produced based on demand, thus, minimize wastes.

In the book, Marxism and alienation Nicholas says that through estrangement and

alienation, communism seemed to lead man to the belief that the abolition of private property

would eliminate economic inequalities that would have created class conflict. The argument is

wrong since, most communist countries’ workers did not only suffer from impoverishing but also

alienation and estrangement. Employees did not enjoy their fruits of labor since all their work

benefited the wealthy (Churchich 65)

Many citizens living under communist States lack choices. They are forced to follow the

party and accept whatever jobs they are assigned. In such regimes, people feel little incentive to

work. Enterprises controlled by the government keep individuals working in harsh conditions.

Additionally, government officials running such places know how their employees help to

sustain the communist system. Thus, the workforce is monitored based on the belief that people

have the inability to act on their own. Many leaders in their positions used power to gain

supremacy and wealth while leaving their people to suffer in poverty. The political opposition

makes government officials assume that they can never be reported in organized crimes and

corruption. When such offenses are exposed, it becomes hard to punish the criminals of their

high-ranking State positions (Horowitz and Suchlicki 147)

The harm principle founded by John Stuart Mill holds that people’s actions should be

limited to prevent destruction to others. The theory sets out the use of power to restrict the right

to liberty. Communist regimes use such kind of approaches to ensure supremacy and wealth is

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created by the leaders and, thus, suppresses the citizens to grow economically since the

government controls all the resources and uses the people to provide labor (Mill and Smith 316).

However, in liberal democratic countries, Kant’s tyranny of the majority is practiced since

individuals have the right to liberty, given that the government is formed through voting (Rosen

34). Also, communist countries centralize credit in the hand of the State using national banks. On

the contrary, communication is concentrated in the hand of the State to limit people from

accessing valuable information (Harrington, Salem and Zurabishvili 172).

Unemployment, poverty, rationing, and malnutrition have been the effects of

communism. Such regimes poorly manage government enterprises, making the citizens suffer in

the end. Employees are paid low wages and even sometimes end up being unpaid due to

mismanagement that translates into misappropriation of funds. On the other hand, political

democracy allows openness so that citizens can air their views in case leaders show any form of

incompetence (Fandel 26).

In communist China, women were oppressed over their association with men. They had

fewer options on what roles to play in the society. Their responsibilities were limited to

housewives, prostitutes or concubines. The female gender had no power over their lives. The

husbands made final decisions. In 1940, the country’s economy was on the failing end. One

major trade was the trafficking of girls into brothels. After the coming in of the communist party

of China, a change was made, whereby women rights were subjugated to the greater role of

running the country (Engelbert and Sawinski 196).

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In conclusion, communist revolution is not a suitable form of government in the 21st

century because its ideology leads to slow economic and technological development. Also,

communist countries may fail to observe individual liberty and oppress citizens. Thus, political

democracy is the appropriate form of regime for the contemporary world. It allows human

freedom and development.

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Works Cited

Churchich, Nicholas. Marxism and Alienation. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press;

Associated University Presses, 1990.

Eagles, Munroe, Larry Johnston and Christopher Holoman. The institutions of liberal democratic

states. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2004.

Engelbert, Phillis and Diane M Sawinski. Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers: M - Z.. 2,

Volume 2. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

Fandel, Jennifer. communism. Mankato: Creative Education, 2008.

Harrington, Carol, Ayman Salem, and Tamara Zurabishvili. After Communism: Critical

Perspectives on Society and Sociology. New York: Conference publication, 2004.

Horowitz, Irving Louis and Jaime Suchlicki. Cuban Communism: 1959-2003. New Brunswick

(U.S.A.): Transaction Publishers, 2003.

Kant, Immanuel. Political writings. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York: International

Publishers, 1948.

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Mill, John Stuart and G W Smith. John Stuart Mill's Social and Political Thought: Critical

Assessments. London; New York: Routledge, 1998.

Rosen, Allen D. Kant's theory of justice. New York: Cornell University Press, 1993.

Smit, P C. Economics: a southern African perspective. Juta: Kenwyn , 1996.

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