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Political Parties Beliefs:
Antebellum America
Whigs
• Born by National Republicans in 1836• JQA and Clay were leaders• Political Base
• middle class• “market farmers”• skilled native-born workers • N.E. & New York
• Generally bald (hence the name)• Loose construction of Const.• Nationalists• Pro-internal improvements, tariffs
Democrats
• Strict construction• Opposed fed. gov’t. regulation of
slavery• Opposed national bank• Opposed internal improvements• Lower tariff (southerners, esp.)• Immigrants join
“Log Cabin and Hard Cider” 1st Whig
• William Henry Harrison elected• “simple man” (really aristocrat from
VA)• Pro-national bank• Congress should regulate spread of
slavery
Winners in the 1840s• 1840 Harrison Tyler (Whig)
• 1844 Polk (Democrat)• Pro-Texas annexation• Pro-Oregon from Britain (54o 40’ or fight)
• 1848 Taylor (“hero of BV”) (Whig)• No platform
Free Soil Party (1848)
• “Conscience Whigs” morality• Abolitionists• temperance• Pro-Wilmot Proviso (against extension of
slavery into the territories)
• 54 40’-types• Resented Dems. (Polk) settling at 49th
• Industrialists• Hated Polk reducing protective tariff
Election of 1852(“it’s the end of the world as we know it”)
• Whigs descent begins best leaders d.
• End of national parties
• Begin. of SECTIONAL parties
American (Know-Nothing) Party(Know-Knothing Party)
• Anti-Catholic• Anti-immigrant (nativist)• Some N. Whigs, S. Dems./Whigs
• “Americans Must Rule America”
Republican Party
• Formed as reaction to K-N Act (1854)
• Anti-slavery origins
• Home to Whigs, N. Dems., Free Soil, Know-Nothings
Election of 1856
Election of 1840
Election of 1844
Election of 1848
Election of 1852
Liberty Party (1840)
• Anti-slavery party• End slavery gradually via pol.
Process
• Radicals in party differed • William Lloyd Garrison• Immediate end to slavery• Allowed women in abolition movement