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Little Mix
DNA track 4 disc 11
2012
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XXX - (P) 2012 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited - GBHMU1200313
What are Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening on the Earthrsquos surface where molten (liquid) rock emerges from underground When a volcano erupts magma (molten rock below the Earthrsquos surface) is expelled
Sometimes it is vomited out as lava ndash in flowing rivers or spectacular lava fountains or sometimes high clouds of ash are blasted into the air As lava solidifies and ash is compressed new rock may form Volcanoes have shaped much of the Earthrsquos surface
I DONrsquoT BELIVE IT
Tectonic plates move at
about the same speed as
your fingernails grow
That is just a few
centimeters each year
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
What are Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening on the Earthrsquos surface where molten (liquid) rock emerges from underground When a volcano erupts magma (molten rock below the Earthrsquos surface) is expelled
Sometimes it is vomited out as lava ndash in flowing rivers or spectacular lava fountains or sometimes high clouds of ash are blasted into the air As lava solidifies and ash is compressed new rock may form Volcanoes have shaped much of the Earthrsquos surface
I DONrsquoT BELIVE IT
Tectonic plates move at
about the same speed as
your fingernails grow
That is just a few
centimeters each year
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
A volcano is an opening on the Earthrsquos surface where molten (liquid) rock emerges from underground When a volcano erupts magma (molten rock below the Earthrsquos surface) is expelled
Sometimes it is vomited out as lava ndash in flowing rivers or spectacular lava fountains or sometimes high clouds of ash are blasted into the air As lava solidifies and ash is compressed new rock may form Volcanoes have shaped much of the Earthrsquos surface
I DONrsquoT BELIVE IT
Tectonic plates move at
about the same speed as
your fingernails grow
That is just a few
centimeters each year
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Sometimes it is vomited out as lava ndash in flowing rivers or spectacular lava fountains or sometimes high clouds of ash are blasted into the air As lava solidifies and ash is compressed new rock may form Volcanoes have shaped much of the Earthrsquos surface
I DONrsquoT BELIVE IT
Tectonic plates move at
about the same speed as
your fingernails grow
That is just a few
centimeters each year
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
I DONrsquoT BELIVE IT
Tectonic plates move at
about the same speed as
your fingernails grow
That is just a few
centimeters each year
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Volcanoes are places of great drama amp beauty but they can also be deadly Volcanoes around the world will continue to erupt in the future changing landscapes and affecting the lives of people living nearby But could the world cope with a super volcano eruption
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
How Do
Volcanoes Happen
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Volcanoes happen because the Earth is hot inside The surface is cool but it gets hotter the deeper you go into the Earth Under the crust magma is under so much pressure that is almost solid Sometimes the pressure is released by the shifting of the crust and the magma melts Then it can bubble up through the cracks in the crust as volcanoes
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
The Earthrsquos crust is cracked into giant pieces called tectonic plates There are about 60 plates and the seven largest are thousands of kilometers across Tectonic plates move slowly across the Earthrsquos surface This movement called continental drift has caused the continents to move apart over million years ago
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Volcanoes are hazardous to wildlife and humans as they are associated with calamities and destruction Some of the effects are that many people are killed and a large number of people are forced to desert their homes and land forever
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Climate
Change
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
problems caused by climate change are like to worsen Scientists predict that temperatures will rise to another 32 F to 72 f in the next 100 years Sea levels will keep rising Land will disappear even faster People will have to deal with many new problems
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Heat waves will become a bigger problem in the future High temperatures can cause heatstroke Heatstroke makes people sick and it can even be deadly Extreme heat is bad for people with heart disease or breathing problems It can also be troublesome for young children or older people
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Hot weather for may weather also makes it much ea dangerous diseases to spread Insects carry deadly diseases such as malaria and yellow fever Other diseases are spread by small animals such as mice and rats These animals usually live in warm climates As the planets temperature increases they could start moving to new areas and spread their killer germs
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Many of the Earths plant and animal species need clean air to stay healthy Global warming could cause an increase in the amount of pollution in our cities pollution damages the lungs of people who breathe it Hot air also makes it easier for bits and pieces of harmful substances to float around People can get sick when they breathe these things
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Volcanoes can impact climate change During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas aerosol droplets and ash are injected into the stratosphere Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change
But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling while volcanic carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas has the potential to promote global warming
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Large-scale volcanic activity may last only a few days but the massive outpouring of gases and ash can influence climate patterns for years
Major eruptions alter the Earths radiative balance because volcanic aerosol clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Our planetrsquos climate results from a complex and always changing mixture of processes and events The basic source of energy is radiation from the Sun The incoming radiation interacts with the Earthrsquos atmosphere and surface so that changes to either can affect the climate
For example a dark lava flow absorbs more of the solar energy than a desert soil so a large enough lava flow could warm a local region But a much larger influence on climate comes from volcanic gases erupted into the atmosphere that spread out and encircle the planet
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Scientist
Georgiy
Stenchikov
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Major eruptions change the Earths radiative balance because volcanic sprat clouds absorb terrestrial radiation and scatter a significant amount of the incoming solar radiation an effect known as radiative forcing that can last from two to three years following a volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions cause short-term climate changes and contribute to natural climate variability says Georgiy Stenchikov a research professor with the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University Exploring effects of volcanic eruption allows us to better understand important physical mechanisms in the climate system that are initiated by volcanic forcing
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
Scientists have identified around seven super volcanoes around the world cope with a super volcano is a he volcano often lying below he ground so that only the top parts show In a super volcano eruption so much lava gas and ash are produced so that the landscape is changed beyond recognition and the climate of the whole world is affected This is because the gases and ash in the atmosphere block outer the suns rays and cause temperature to drop
