ŀ1

“Imagine you are engaged to use advocacy techniques to create more momentum for initiatives

to improve food security in Africa. Create a plan with a three year window to build momentum for

food security initiatives in Africa. The plan should define focus, targets, strategies and tactics to

achieve results.”

Executive Certificate- Advocacy in International Affairs

Submission date: 10.06.2012

Food

Security in

Africa

Advocacy Case study:

Women’s access to

land

Participants:

Catherine Kamau,

Ingrid Kragl

Blerim Mustafa and

Cécile Rivière

2

Contents

1.0 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................3

2.0 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................4

3.0 Context and desired outcome ..................................................................................................................5

3.1 Re-definition of the challenge ...........................................................................................................5

3.2 Gender and access to land ................................................................................................................5

3.3 Mali ...................................................................................................................................................6

4.0 Advocacy Logic Model .............................................................................................................................6

4.1 Actors in the Food Security issue ......................................................................................................7

4.2 Stakeholders and partners ................................................................................................................8

4.3 Target audiences ........................................................................................................................... 11

4.4 Message Framing .......................................................................................................................... 12

4.5 Communication Strategy ............................................................................................................... 12

4.6 Storytelling ..................................................................................................................................... 13

4.7 Key Performance Indicators, Monitoring and Evaluation and Activity Calendar .......................... 13

4.8 Budget............................................................................................................................................ 16

5.0 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 16

6.0 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 17

International Land Coalition - Organization Chart .................................................................................... 17

Map of Mali ............................................................................................................................................... 18

Proposed Republic of Azawad ................................................................................................................... 18

SWOT Table ............................................................................................................................................... 19

Legal Framework of Mali ........................................................................................................................... 20

Problem Tree.............................................................................................................................................. 21

Stakeholder Mapping ................................................................................................................................ 22

Advocacy Logic Model ............................................................................................................................... 23

Communication Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 24

Story of Hadeye, a Malian Woman............................................................................................................ 25

Opinion Tracking and Media Analyses ...................................................................................................... 26

Media Platforms ........................................................................................................................................ 26

Media Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 27

Social Media KPIs ....................................................................................................................................... 28

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 29

Interviews and Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 32

Research in videos ..................................................................................................................................... 34

Research on Media Coverage of Food Insecurity issues ............................................................................ 35

3

1.0 Executive Summary

This paper highlights the advocacy techniques we would like to use for our advocacy challenge. Our

challenge focus is on “raising awareness regarding women’s access to land”.

We have decided to represent the International Land Coalition, a global alliance of various

organizations working together to promote secure and equitable access to land for both poor men and

women through advocacy.

Mali was chosen as a pilot-country, but following the Tourag rebellion and their subsequent proposal

to declare the Northern part as the Republic of Azawad, our main focus area is the Southern part that is still

referred to as Mali.

We have used the advocacy logic model, where we have highlighted the following;

• Context

• Target Audiences and Influencer Mapping

• Opinion Tracking and Media Analysis

• Strategy and Objectives

• Messaging and Stories Development

• Advocacy Campaign

• Outcome Evaluation and Control

• KPI’s

• Outcome

Mali has adopted the African Union Maputo Protocol of 2003, which enables women access to land,

including ownership rights.

Our challenge highlights that local customs and traditions are the main obstacles for women to

reduce the illiteracy rates and claim their land rights, as well as receive acknowledgement from the local

communities as equally contributing partners to agriculture, as men are.

Communities on the ground, the Government, economic players, infrastructural Development

Partners / players, international organizations, NGOs and civil society remain the most important actors.

USAID, the United Nations, regional and local partners are our main potential partners for this

campaign. This comes as a result of ILC’s widespread partner network which spans all continents.

Several champions and celebrities have been highlighted in our case study and all of them have a

direct link, in terms of ethnicity and nationality to Mali.

Our communication objectives are three-fold: to foster recognition of women as farmers’ not just

workers; secondly, to sensitize local authorities on the benefits of empowering women; and third, to raise

awareness on women and their communities on their rights.

The communication strategy will be a participative approach since our work will be based on the

ground. Our communication tools will be workshops, lobbying, micro workshops and public dialogue.

Our campaign will span a three-year period and for this, a detailed calendar of activities as well as a

budget overview has been drafted. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) related to the desired outcomes

for our proposed three year plan have also been defined and explained.

4

2.0 Introduction

This paper forms the final component necessary for completion of the Executive Certificate in

‘Advocacy in International Affairs’. It will seek to outline a proposal for an advocacy campaign on addressing

a global challenge in food security in Africa. It is the result of a group work.

The concept of “food security” is a flexible one and has progressively gained momentum in the

international arena since it originated in the mid-1970s1. Food security was defined in the 1974 World Food

Summit as: “availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady

expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices”2. The definition used in

this paper is the definition adopted by the 1996 World Food Summit which encompasses three main

elements:

• Food availability: food must be available in sufficient quantities and on a consistent basis. It

considers stock and production in a given area and the capacity to bring in food from elsewhere,

through trade or aid;

• Food access: people must be able to regularly acquire adequate quantities of food, through

purchase, home production, barter, gifts, borrowing or food aid;

• Food utilization: Consumed food must have a positive nutritional impact on people. It entails

cooking, storage and hygiene practices, individuals’ health, water and sanitation, feeding and sharing

practices within the household3.

The 1996 World Food Summit was a turning point in the way the food issue was addressed by the

international community and lead to various initiatives4. This issue is addressed by various international

organisations5 as well as NGOs, governments and, lately, by private actors. Food security globally is an issue

that is raising a lot of global concern but in Africa, it is even more a challenge due to other structural

challenges.

Actors at stake in Africa often use advocacy techniques to draw attention and raise awareness. As

well as “food security”, “advocacy” is a flexible word. It can be defined as “the act of arguing on behalf of a

particular issue, institution, idea or person”6. And it is “an on-going process aimed at change of attitudes,

actions, policies and laws by influencing people and organisation with power, systems and structures at

different levels for a betterment of people affected by the issue”7. Advocacy is then both a process and an

outcome. That is why we shall use advocacy techniques to ensure that our challenge becomes successful,

and that our outcome is achieved.

The first part of this essay will present the context in which the campaign would take place and the

desired outcome. The second part will describe the techniques used to reach that goal.

1 - http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm (accessed on 06.05.2012)

2 Idem

3 Idem

4 Examples available on the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food website:

http://www.srfood.org/index.php/en/right-to-food (accessed on 06.05.2012) 5 Here we refer especially to the World Food Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations

Development Programme and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. 6 Christian D. de Fouloy, Fouloy’s Explanatory Lobbying Dictionary (Vilnius: AALEP Publishing Division, 2011)

7 Idem

5

3.0 Context and desired outcome

3.1 Re-definition of the challenge

The food security concept is not only a flexible one; it is also a complex and tangled one. The first

task of our group was then to refine the assessment. After a first set of readings we identified the role played

by the women as one possible link between the three aspects of food security (i.e. availability, access and

utilization). Further research was needed before we could decide to focus on the women’s access to land8

and on Mali as the pilot country. This arose from our understanding that part of the food security challenge

in Africa can be attributed to land ownership, land access and access to agricultural inputs. These aspects are

compounded by the gender imbalance existing in land access matters in Africa. We have chosen to position

our efforts to fight food security from the point of advocating for recognition of the role of women in food

production in Africa and most of the developing world. Having thus agreed on these principles it became

difficult to imagine the function of the World Economic Forum in this scheme, as it was first suggested, and it

was determined that we approach the challenge from another point of view. We decided upon the

International Land Coalition (ILC).

ILC is a global alliance of civil society and intergovernmental organisations working together to

promote secure and equitable access to, and control over, land for poor women and men through advocacy,

dialogue, knowledge sharing and capacity building9. As ILC is an alliance of civil society, it leverages on

working with non-governmental organisations already based in countries of interest. This works well

because the NGOs on the ground already have an understanding of the dynamics of the communities within

which they are domiciled; the communities know and trust them. ILC is not only comprised of local NGOs but

also global players such as Oxfam, the World Bank, the World Food Programme and the FAO10 which provide

the organisation with legitimacy and enough financial strength to face new prospects. ILC works in many

African countries, but is seemingly better rooted in Eastern and Southern Africa than in Sub-Saharan Africa.

By choosing to work in the Sahel region, this study would not be seen as a plagiarism.

3.2 Gender and access to land

Land policy and administration projects can contribute inadvertently not only to gender inequality

but also to more general social inequality11. Although the international community has increasingly

recognized the importance of women’s rights, the gender aspect of this issue has only been recently

introduced in the public area. It is still difficult to have this dimension taken into account although the non-

inclusion of women is part of the development programs' general failure12.

In Africa in 2008, 63% of female workers relative to 48% of male workers depended on agriculture-

based livelihood13. Studies have shown that there is a lot of ‘inequality between men and women in control

over land use in many African countries’14. Indeed, women have less control of land in sub-Saharan Africa

8 See problem tree attached (appendix section)

9 See ILC website: http://www.landcoalition.org/fr/about-us/qui-sommes-nous (accessed 06.05.2012)

10 For a comprehensive view of ILC’s members, see: http://www.landcoalition.org/fr/members/list (accessed

06.05.2012) 11

ILC, IFAD, Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook (Rome: 2009) 12

This conclusion can be drawn from many reports and has been confirmed by Christine Verschuur, Senior lecturer at

The Graduate Institute, Director of Pôle genre et développement, during her interview on 03.04.2012 13

Bina Agarwal, Food Crises and Gender Inequality, DESA Working Paper n°107, June 2011. 14

African Human Development Report, United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Africa, 2012. Pg.

14

6

more than anywhere else15, yet they play a major role in agriculture and food production activities. In Mali

for example, women only own 3.1% of the land16. This situation is the result of different factors. In sub-

Saharan Africa there are three overlapping systems: customary, religious and statutory law. Women's

responsibilities and rights to land change over their lifetime as determined by their marital status17. This

region is also undergoing transformations in land tenure system with the establishment of local government

structures (decentralization), climate change threat and growing population18. Another important factor in

changing land rights is the commodification of land as it acquires a market value.

3.3 Mali

We would like to create awareness on the role of women in the food security arena and in

particular, we choose to focus on countries with fewer initiatives already in place. Our first campaign will be

based on a single country, before we can evaluate the potential to replicate the same initiatives, should they

prove successful. Our focus country will be Mali, for a variety of reasons. We did an internal SWOT-analysis

and decided that Mali would be the appropriate country19.

75% of Mali’s labour force works in the agriculture sector and this activity represents 44% of the

country’s GDP20. From a policy position, Mali ratified the Basic Human Rights Charter and the African Union

Maputo Protocol of 2003, where the economic and social rights of women (and others) were recognised, as

was the right to food security and sustainable development. In 2006, Mali adopted its Agricultural Policy Act,

which set out policy guidelines for agricultural development in Mali. This Act has a strong stance on gender

equity, on food sovereignty and support for small scale family farming. But despite the participatory and

consultative way in which the law was formulated, studies found that the majority of the communities are

not aware of its existence21. In addition to this, the process to formally register claims over land is complex,

long and costly. This gender imbalance is reinforced, in the Malian case, by the last update of the Malian

Family bill passed at the end of 2011 and which undermines women’s rights.

Mali used to be praised for its political stability but what was a local Tuareg rebellion spread to the

Northern part of the country in January 2012 and led to a military coup in Bamako last March 27th2012. It

was followed by the effective splitting of the country by rebel forces in the north. On April 6th 2012, the

Tuaregs declared independence and formed the Azawad Republic22. As we had already highlighted at an

early stage in our SWOT-analysis, the potential difficulties of choosing Mali, we found it applicable and

justifiable to re-focus our target area to develop our advocacy campaign on the southern part of Mali. One of

the main justifications being that arable land is concentrated in that region.

4.0 Advocacy Logic Model

When we considered the challenge, we concluded that within the advocacy cycle, the bigger issue of

food security or insecurity for that matter, is at the acceptance and activation stage, where the issue is

15

Idem 16

http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/multimedia0/female-land-ownership/en/ (accessed 06.05.2012) 17

Marie Monimart and Su Fei Tan, Gender and access to land and natural resources in Mali and Niger, IIED, London. 18

Idem 19

See SWOT Table under Annexes, page 20 20

UNDP Mali, Rapport national sur le développement humain durable, 2010. 21

Marie Monimart and Su Fei Tan, Gender and access to land and natural resources in Mali and Niger, IIED, London. 22

BBC 2012. “Mali Tuareg rebels declare independence in the north”. 06.04.2012. Online. URL:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17635437 (Accessed on 04.06.2012)

7

acknowledged; there is information on it and in some cases, initiatives have already began to be

implemented. However, we also recognised that the gender element is really at the awareness creation

stage. There is research to prove that it is known, but for whatever reason, it has not been pushed much as a

potential avenue to address the food insecurity challenge. As such most of our campaign will be projected

from an introduction and informational perspective. Within the regulatory cycle, gender and food security

can be considered to be in the agenda setting stage.

The theme of our campaign is ‘ENABLING WOMEN ACCESS TO LAND’ in Mali. We considered the

elements of gender and the facts that have been researched upon and tabled that show that while women in

Africa till the most and are responsible for more than 78% of the food produced, only 3% of the land they

work on belongs to them. This is largely due to cultural practises.

4.1 Actors in the Food Security issue

The actors within the land and food security arena can be largely grouped into:

• Communities on the ground

• The government

• Economic players

• Supply Chain actors

• Infrastructural Development Partners / players

• International organizations

• NGOs and Civil Society23

The intended outcome will have key performance indicators which will be based on the two impacts

we have identified i.e.

1. Increasing food accessibility

a. Increase in food types available

b. Improved proximity of food stuff to the various communities and villages

2. Raising awareness to women’s rights

a. Increase in land ownership statistics

b. Increase in legislation changes, both type of legislation [soft, binding etc] and number of

changes

c. Number of summits addressing the issue [agenda setting indicator]

Our advocacy plan will run for 3 years, with 2 years being spent on the ‘Awareness’ and ‘Acknowledgement’

creation, and the third year, hopefully to get to the ‘Acceptance’ stage.

23

An illustration of the actors is on page 7

8

Illustration 1: Actors in the Gender and Land Access challenge

4.2 Stakeholders and partners

International Land Coalition, being a member-based organisation, has the critical mass through its

relationships, network linkages and other capacities required to expand its influence beyond individual

members and to constructively engage policy and decision-makers. Its actively engaged and balanced

membership, operating at global levels and / or through regional platforms, includes well-known

organizations and institutions among them: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,

Oxfam International, IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), IFPRI (International Food Policy

Research Institute), Secours Populaire Français, World Bank, WFP (World Food Programme).

At the international level, recent developments have created opportunities to further push the

agenda for securing land rights for poor people, particularly rural women24. Facilitating effective multi-

stakeholder engagement on land issues is one of the Coalition’s major strengths. For the next three years,

ILC will run targeted consultations and engagements with governments as well as bilateral and multilateral

organizations to advocate and influence global development priorities, while raising more resources

dedicated to improving access to land for rural women.

Partners in Europe

The European institutions are just entering into a new cycle of budget planning and negotiations

known as the Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF). All aspects of the European Union (EU) budget,

including external action and aid, are negotiated during this process that will lock-in the EU main policy

priorities from 2014 for at least 5 years. By the end of 2013, an agreement should be reached regarding the

suggested aid amount of € 96,249.4 million. As decisions are mainly in the hands of Member States, ILC is

already engaged in the process of advocacy at both EU and national level and:

• targets governments, parliaments and their Members of European Parliament

• disseminates background papers and positions, and lobbying papers

• collaborates with strategic civil society partners on joint lobbying and media work

• publishes articles on the MFF in national NGOs newsletters and voluntary sector press

• lobbies decision-makers with position papers

24 See the recent World Economic Forum on Africa 2012

Land ownership and access

for increased food security

Infrastructural Development Players e.g. World Bank

International Organizations

Supply Chain Actors

Regional Economic

Players

Communities on the ground

Government

NGOs and Civil Society

9

• meets with Ministries of Finances and / or Development, parliamentarians, etc.

• organizes seminars for NGOs, other actors and decision-makers

It should be said that the European Commission is facing considerable political pressure to respond

to the European economic crisis rather than focussing on external objectives. ILC counts several member

states among its strategic partners; which are already providing substantial long-term financial support to

the core activities of the ILC. We intend to keep them engaged and on board during the MFF negotiation

phase.

Partnering with the United Nations

IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) is a member of ILC. Over the years, the Fund

has worked in partnership with various United Nations-affiliated organisations, international financial

institutions (IFIs), specialized NGOs and civil society organizations in order to undertake joint initiatives for

advocacy, learning and capacity-building related to gender issues in agricultural and rural development.

Partners in regional platforms

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) is an African-owned and

led initiative with the aim of enhancing the capacity of African institutions, civil society and private sector to

comprehensively analyze and plan strategies and operational plans for food security. Major issues that came

out from the 8th Partnership Platform Meeting of the CAADP held in May 2012 in Nairobi included the need

to focus on smallholder family farmers, especially women. The CAADP’s work has been recognized by the

G20 Ministers of Agriculture. This year’s G8 meeting will have agriculture, food and nutrition security as one

of the focus areas and therefore will offer another opportunity to showcase the work of CAADP. The 9th

CAADP Partnership Platform Meeting will take place in March 2013 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and ILC

members will be there of course to advocate for its cause.

Partnering with USAID

In May 2012 at Camp David, US President Obama announced a multi-billion dollar initiative in Africa

called the ‘New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition’. “What makes this remarkable is that this is

probably the first time at a G8 Summit where, in addition to having the leaders involved, we also have

leaders of NGOs and business leaders involved.” Forty five companies have already pledged more than US$3

billion to kick off this effort. When commenting on the initiative to lift 50 million people out of poverty and

hunger over the next ten years through farming partnerships, USAID administrator Dr. Rajiv Shah insisted

that for the African countries to access this aid, “they must seriously reform access to land tenure for small

scale farmers so that women farmers can have title to their land”.25 ILC of course welcomes this strong signal

to our targeted decision-makers.

Local partners

Notably, Civil Society Organizations are crucial in identifying and exploiting windows of opportunity

opened by institutions, but that are not immediately visible to communities. This is done by facilitating

25 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPkLrMSIjf0 (at minute 4:50)

10

interaction between community and religious leaders, farmers associations and participation by rural

women.

CSOs can also play an important role in highlighting to media organisations, problems faced by

communities as well as successful stories. For instance the Coprokazan cooperative (a 3 hour drive, South

Bamako)26 involves 35 villages and 1000 women who benefit from the revenue generated by the shea butter

production.

Close collaboration with both local and international media can have a strong impact, especially

when addressing government. To increase this impact, ILC local partners will identify champions able to

influence the local male leaders.

Champions and celebrities

As part of local partnerships, we propose to identify local celebrities who can act as our advocates in

the issue of gender and land. In particular, we hope to partner with:

• Oumou Sangaré, who is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

She is a singer and musician who has been brought up by a single mother and thus understands

first-hand the importance of empowering women.

• Salif Keita, a direct descendant of Malian empire founder, Sundiata Keita. By virtue of his age, Salif

may be a good ambassador to reach the older generation.

• Frederic Kanoute, a popular football player who plays for FC Sevilla and has a foundation which

focuses on ‘tackling poverty through jobs and opportunities’27. The foundation works through local

partners.

• Seydou Keita, Malian football player currently playing for FC Barcelona. By involving Seydou, we

could leverage on FC Barcelona’s reputation, which would be an efficient way to reach out to the

younger generation.

We also want to identify local champions – male and female – who will spread our message to their

communities. The partnership with the identified champions and celebrities would result in increased media

attention for our cause, potential interest from financial donors, and potential partnerships with other actors

in the food security field.

Public private partnerships

Here are some examples of public private partnerships that ILC leverages on:

• The eudevdays.eu are a yearly forum initiated by Klaus Rudischhauser, Director of the European

Commission DG Development and Cooperation, EuropeAid, to discuss innovative models and new

approaches to private-public collaboration, in particular in the fields of agriculture, food security and

the rural women specific needs. ILC will take part to the very selective debates and intend to put our

cause forward on the stakeholders’ agenda.

• The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an Africa based organization working in

partnership with governments, agricultural research organizations, farmers, private sector, civil

society and other rural development stakeholders to significantly and sustainably improve the

26 http://www.coprokazan.org/ 27 http://www.kanoutefoundation.com/about_ho.ks (visited 06 June 2012)

11

productivity and incomes of resource poor farmers in Africa The next African Green Revolution

Forum 2012 will be held in September 2012 in Arusha, Tanzania. ILC will attend these high-level

panels and explore the opportunities to start a discussion with private stakeholders about innovative

financing.

• ILC will keep on partnering with Dimitra28, a FAO information and communication project that

widely shares information and experiences, using both modern and traditional communication

methods and tools, rural radio in particular.

• ILC also intends to accept the African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI)29 as a new member and

work in close collaboration with this action research project undertaken by Farm Radio International

and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The major aim of the project is to design and

implement a participatory, multi-stakeholder action research program to discover, document and

disseminate best practices for using radio-based communications to enhance food security in Africa.

Drawing on elements of adult learning and the theory of participatory communication for

development, it builds a coherent, multi-month series of programs which feature farmers’ voices

throughout, follow a dramatic progression, and use the best features of radio and related ICTs to

engage farmers. PRCs are focused on a single farmer-selected “improvement” - in our case: women

access to land - that can help farmers achieve their food security goals.

• But in most cases, women do not own a radio set. As a result, they cannot have access to

appropriate information, nor make better choices that benefit their families and their communities.

ILC members have already approached private and logistics partners in order to launch a big public

campaign to invite the developed countries to take part in their cause in an original way. For

example: the “Put an end hunger in Africa with a solar radio” program, where negotiations have

begun with Amazon.com which appears to be the perfect partner, not only to sell the radios but also

deliver them. Although a key aim of the project is to strengthen the position of women within their

community, the initiative targets the entire community. Focusing exclusively on women

development actors could create tensions with the men of the villages. When supplying the villages

with radio receivers, one-third of them will be offered to men, so that they would be fully involved in

the project.

4.3 Target audiences

The larger target audience is the farmers and local communities so that they understand the

dynamics of living with, and empowering, women. The underlying theme is that empowered women are

better equipped to look after their immediate family and by extension, the larger community. Empowered

women are able to work and produce enough food to feed their families, and whatever surplus they have,

they can use for barter or monetary trade. However, to consistently and sustainably do this, they need to

have access to land and other agricultural inputs. Engagement with this audience will enable us to establish a

position and to understand the actual facts on the ground.

The second level target audience are the cultural and / or religious leaders, who influence and

maintain the status-quo within the communities. If they are enlightened about the positive implications of

women’s access to land, then they can begin to encourage the process from the grassroots. One of the

primary benefits of this engagement will be the potential for improving the campaign’s impact and outputs.

28 http://www.fao.org/dimitra/about-dimitra/en/ 29 http://www.farmradio.org/english/partners/afrri/

12

This will also help us in identifying potential campaign champions who will further our cause locally, in a long

term sustainable manner.

The third level will involve engaging with the government and policy makers to enact or at least

implement laws that facilitate ease of access to land and agricultural inputs in general, to women. Already in

place, is the framework outlined in the Agricultural Policy Act, which may be used as the baseline and our

campaign would seek to encourage implementation of gender-sensitive policies where land access and

acquisition are concerned30.

Illustration 2: Target audiences

4.4 Message Framing

As we consider the messaging and storytelling, it is fundamentally critical to identify clearly and

correctly the senders, receivers and multipliers in the process. The senders in our case will be we, ILC, using

the local non-governmental organization (NGO) networks. Use of these partnerships will help reduce the

learning curve necessary to understand the local communities. We shall also be capitalising on the goodwill

and trust already established between the local NGOs and the communities.

The receivers of the messages will be all our target audiences as the messages will clearly articulate

the issue as we understand it, as well as the call to action that we desire. The multipliers are the people who

take the message beyond themselves and encourage dissemination of the information they receive. In our

case, we anticipate and expect the multipliers to be the women themselves, as well as community and

religious leaders.

4.5 Communication Strategy

On average the literacy rate of the Malian adult population is 22% (8.8%) for women31. Because of

these low literacy levels coupled with low levels of communication infrastructure in Mali, we shall be use

three media for communication. The first and probably the best for gauging and evaluation initial responses

to our campaigns will be workshops. These will be held and run by our partner NGOs who have local trust

and acceptance. The second medium will be radios as our primary broadcast tool, and third, the use of

graphic illustrations of our messages through posters that can be put up in various communally available and

accessible sites e.g. outside the chief’s office, at the market place, perhaps even on vehicles that regularly ply

the community / village routes.32

30

An illustration of the target audiences is on page 11. 31

According to the UNDP country report 2012 32

Illustration of the communication strategy under annexes – pg 21

Legal officers / Govt officials

Cultural / Religious leaders

Farmers and local communities

13

These graphics would be informative giving a sequence from a point of little or no knowledge to a

point of empowerment. We anticipate developing material that can be put up as well as easily portable for

the multiplier effect.

Due to challenges of multiple ethnic languages, our messages and stories will be simple enough to

allow translation across the different languages. However, we have also found out that French is a dominant

common language which we can utilise in the initial phase of information dissemination, but again

dependent on feedback from our local NGO partners.

While social media is not an option for the campaign on the ground, for our actors / partners in the

West, we hope to engage the social media as an avenue for creating awareness and encouraging

acknowledgement.

4.6 Storytelling

We would like to use storytelling techniques to raise awareness regarding our cause. Our opening

theme is the neglected awareness of women regarding their entitled land rights. The message is related to

the fact that local communities and customs are accountable for the on-going situation. The proof point for

this is the illiteracy rate, which does not allow the women to be able to understand and claim their rights to

own land. It is a right they are not even aware of because they are simply not informed.

Our story33 will enable us to create an emotional and rational link to our campaign, which will result

in increased awareness, acknowledgement and interest from our partners, and recognition for our work on

the ground. In this context, the story will be translated to the different languages so that the local

communities. – men and women -, justice and religious leaders understand that the more empowered

women are, the better they manage to take care of the family and the community It encapsulates the facts

we have identified as being keys to a behaviour change, and it tells in a powerful way, the reality our

members and partners are facing on the ground.

Because Mali has an oral tradition, we expect this story to be widely shared. It will also anticipate

that it will be told on the rural radio repeatedly. Indeed half of the listeners adopt a new practice when they

feel they have learnt something and when a good story speaks to them, as Farm Radio studies within Mali

show34. The story will be used by our celebrities/champions to convey our campaign message.

Furthermore this story suggests that we can all be part of the solution that will work out well, if only

we are allowed to do so.

4.7 Key Performance Indicators, Monitoring and Evaluation and Activity Calendar

In order to properly monitor an advocacy campaign, key performance indicators (KPIs) should be

defined while planning the overall campaign outcomes and strategy. However this is a challenge when the

campaign aims at changing behaviour. In this case, the qualitative KPIs are sometimes only measurable long

after the end of the campaign otherwise it becomes be difficult to distinguish between the changes due to

the campaign and those due to other structural factors. In addition to this, it may also be difficult to assess

the impact of such a campaign on our main target audience (i.e. rural women) due to the low rate of literacy.

Ideally, this campaign should reflect ILC leadership style (i.e. participative approach) and the KPIs

should therefore be developed with stakeholder participation in mind. However, we defined indicators

fitting with our desired outcomes. We also developed an activity calendar to guide our interactions. (See

table below).We will carry out monitoring and evaluation from the very beginning of the campaign and

during the whole process. All the stakeholders will be engaged in the process without any exception.

33

The story of Hadeye, a Malian woman is found in the annexes, pg 25 34

Agricultural Radio that Works, Farm Radio International (2011)

14

For this crucial part of evaluation, we will rely on one of our members’ rigorous model. Indeed

Oxfam's “Theory of change” has proved to be very efficient. We will use their global performance

framework, their process tracing protocol and systematically assess and document what is done under the

project / campaign to achieve our desired outcomes. With advocacy logs, we will make a list of all the people

we meet; this note helps to track which audiences are key to bringing about change.

Because we will be trying to influence behavior change, there is lot to be done while the activities

are running. We want to make sure our actions do have an impact on communal and individual behaviors.

Evidence-based decision making is vital to re-adapting our strategy at different levels, if necessary.

In addition, because we will have measured the media coverage regarding our campaign’s main

theme, we will be able to say that the sentiment is aligned to the message we are sending (or not); (see

appendix regarding the media coverage). Media monitoring tools such as Factiva™, Meltwater™ and

Google™ will be used to track the media trends such as women’s human rights, land ownership and the

Malian food security issue. Funding has already been secured from our donors for this part of the process.

Taking into consideration that our challenge will start at awareness creation stage, and then enter

the acknowledgement phase, we would like develop yearly media monitoring reports during our awareness

creation campaign, since our work will mainly be on the ground. When we enter the acknowledgement /

acceptance stage, we will start with monthly reports to assess the trends, and whether our work has been

noted / publicized by the media. Moreover, this will enable us to map out the most prominent journalist(s),

and media outlets showing a profound interest in our cause. Finally, media monitoring will also enable us to

identify our foes, since we could track whether local community leaders have officially stated their opinion

for or against our advocacy campaign and final outcome (see appendix Advocacy Cycle Presentation for

more insights).

We will capitalize on that sentiment and reinforce it in the local media (not only radio, but all

possible). We have defined several goals targeting the media at some critical stages, like Mali Universal

Periodic Review at the United Nations level, the MFF at the European level, the implementation at the

ground level and of course successful stories to be shared. We have also developed an activity calendar to

guide our interactions. (See table below).

Illustration 3: Food Security Campaign – Activity Calendar – 2012 to 2015

Sept.2012 Sept.2013 Sept.2014 Sept.2015

Actions planned Actions planned Actions planned

1.Field analysis

2. Platform building: who are we

working with on the ground?

Influencers, connectors,

multipliers

3.Preparation of material,

translation: content for radio and

1.Radio and TV first broadcast

2.One meeting per month with

community and women

3.First workshop in selected region

1.Activation of celebrity

2.Adjustment of the campaign based

on first feedback from the field

3.Transfer of competencies to local

NGO to continue the programme

15

TV broadcast

4.First negotiations with potential

PPP partner

5.Launch of a posters contest in

Bamako

6.Identify community gathering

and frequency

7.Lobbying during the Mali

Universal periodic review

(pilot-workshop)/local authorities and

leaders

4.First distribution of radio sets in

selected villages

5.Evaluation of action 1,2 and 3 after 3

months (which feedback, can we roll-

out, best practices)

6.Activity report

4.Second wave of radio broadcast

5.Workshops in more communities

6.Completion report

Events to take into account: Events to take into account Events to take into account

Rain season: June to October:

might be difficult to drive

Ramadhan - July 2012

World Food Day, 16 October 2012

/ FAO / Focus on cooperatives.

Opportunity to foster our coalition

Mali Universal Periodic Review

(21 Jan- 1 Feb 2013)

9th CAADP Partnership Platform

Meeting-March 2013

Rain season

Harvest season: October to December.

Do not organize workshops at that

time

Ramadhan

Women’s Day (8 March)

World Food Day (16 October)

Rain season

Harvest season

Ramadhan

Women’s’ Day (8 March)

World Food Day (16 October)

Desired outcomes Year 1:

1.Material and research concluded

2.Actual community gathering

calendar from grassroots

3.Met with layer 1 of officials in

city and in countryside

4.Have met women’s groups at

least 2 times at the end of the year

5.MoU with a private partner

Desired outcome year 2

1.Workshop are organised with the

agreement of local leaders

2.Awareness is raised among pilot

communities about women’s land

rights

Desired outcome year 3

1.Upgrade of program’s content

2.Support from donors

3.Women-led cooperative are

founded

4.Development of women-tailored

farming programs/farmers union

5.Statements from local leaders

KPI for Year 1 KPI for Year 2 KPI for Year 3

1.Number of local NGO endorsing

our programme

2.Number of meeting organised

with officials and leaders

3.Rank or influence of leaders met

1.Reach of programme: number of

workshops conducted and number of

women attending workshops

2.First measurement of radio

programme: which % of people are

aware of the campaign within the pilot

1.Increase in number of women

attending workshop

2.Increase in number of people

aware of women’s land rights in

communities targeted

3.Number of women-led cooperative

16

4.Amount of funding received communities

3.% of people aware of women’s land

rights in the pilot communities

created

4.Number of statements from local

leaders

4.8 Budget

It would require more investigation to be able to define the budget needed for such a campaign and

set of actions. Furthermore, ILC works through platforms where each participant organization funds its own

initiatives. We think that some members would not be able to financially support this initiative but could

participate by providing in-kind resources e.g. providing staff, technical assistance or didactic material for the

workshops. The contribution would then be difficult to assess in terms of money.

ILC has secured its funding for the period 2011-2015 and can rely on strong and stable donors. To be

able to launch this campaign however, it is important that our partners succeed in leveraging enough

resources. This can be difficult for the Malian NGOs already facing great challenges. ILC role would be then to

help these partners to apply for grants as well as building their capacity to respond to tender processes.

Along to the European Development Fund, we identified the FLOW program (Funding Leadership and

Opportunities for Women) launched by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs35 and the Swiss cooperation

Agency. This last one is already in Mali working with local farmer association as well as feminine NGOs.

Another source of funding is to be found within ILC global members. Some of them are running interesting

programs which could also complement local NGO funding: one example is Oxfam’s GROW initiative36.

With regard to media monitoring, the Public Relations department at the ILC European

Headquarters, will do the monitoring since they already have an established relationship with Factiva™ and

Meltwater™. The Google™ service is free of charge.

5.0 Conclusion

Because the food security issue encompasses different aspects and dimensions, it will not be solved

easily. It requires the international community actors to act in synchrony, at a macro and micro level. For this

case study, and subsequent campaign, we have chosen to target one of the most hit and vulnerable group:

women in sub-Saharan Africa. However these women are not only victims as they are often represented. We

strongly believe that they are actors and that their action is part of the solution to tackle the food security

issue in that region. This is why this campaign is gender focused. ILC’s experience shows that there is a

significant overlap and interdependence of women’s empowerment and securing women’s land rights37. We

are convinced that raising awareness among rural women about their rights and enable them to access to

land would help them to assert their claim within the community and will foster their recognition as farmers.

We need farmers to feed Africa, not victims.

35

http://www.minbuza.nl/en/key-topics/development-cooperation/grant-programmes/flow-funding-leadership-and-

opportunities-for-women 36

http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/what-is-grow 37

PALLAS Sabine, Women's land rights and women's empowerment: one and the same? In Du grain à moudre. Genre,

genre, dévelopement rural et alimentaire. (Dir) C.Verschuur 269-289. Actes des colloques genre et development. Berne:

DDC-Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID.

17

6.0 Annexes

International Land Coalition - Organization Chart

18

Map of Mali

Proposed Republic of Azawad

19

SWOT Table

STRENGTHS

• Abundance of arable land - Fertile southern

part of Mali

• Family farming techniques and

arrangements still working

• HIV infection rate is relatively low

• Good corruption rating38

• Improvement in water and power

infrastructure39

• Seemingly active civil society

WEAKNESS

• Low land ownership statistics for women

[less than 5%]

• Low literacy rate among rural women

• Food price crisis impact

• Low technology – may deny them access to

resources that they could use

• Customs and traditions

OPPORTUNITIES

• Possibility to enhance already existing family

farming techniques / arrangements

o lobby the government to maintain

the arrangements as such

o lobby the government to improve

land access for family farming to be

extended

• Signed the AU Maputo Protocol of 2003 –

Rights of women, so possibility to enforce

some of the terms therein

• Emergence of Gender approach in

development projects

THREATS

• Desertification of land mostly

• Cost of land

• Escalation of the internal conflict between

Bamako and the Tuareg rebels

38

http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/506/snapshot_africa_mali.pdf 39

http://www.akdn.org/mali_economic.asp

20

Legal Framework of Mali

Law Content

1992 Constitution Gender equality: Art.2: "All Malians are born and remain free and equal in

rights and duties. Discrimination based on social origin, color, language,

race, sex, religion and political opinion is prohibited. "

Guarantees citizens the right 1992 Constitution to own property: Art. 13:

"The right to property is guaranteed. No one may be expropriated for

public purposes and against prior and just compensation."

Provides for the protection of property

2000 Land Code amended

(Ordinance No 00-27/P-RM of March

2000 Pertaining to the State Property and

Land Code)

Recognizes state land, land owned by individuals and entities (art.1)

Recognizes use-rights to customary land held by groups and individual

group members

In the Land Code, the same land rights are recognized to the men and

women. These may, like men, to appropriate the land through a

title 40

. However, in custom, the women's land rights recognized by the

code, are not always applied.

Agricultural Orientation Law (Law No. 06-

045 of September 2006)

Agricultural development policy (modernizing family farming, investments)

which also includes article on securing land rights - Art. 3 Chapter 2: "the

promotion of women and men living in the agricultural sector in respect of

equity, particularly between rural and urban areas, the right to food

security for all research in the context of food sovereignty."

Art. 8 and 9: The agricultural development policy aims: the promotion of

women, youth and men in rural areas (...)

Pastoral Charter (Law No. 01-004) of 2001

(implementation decree in 2006)

Recognizes pastoralism and the right of pastoralists to move their livestock

Requires local authorities, who have primary responsibility for managing

pastoral land, to work with pastoralists, traditional authorities, and farmers

to maintain pastoral tracks and paths

Requires local authorities to create calendars of use of natural resources

Law No. 95-034 ANRM of 12 April 12 1995

Gives local authorities (the Regional Assembly, the Circle Council, and

community councils) responsibility for land administration, land use

planning and development, and organizing rural activities, including agro-

forestry-pastoral production

Convention of the elimination of all forms

of discrimination against women

(CEDAW)

Signed 05.02.1985, ratified 10.09.1985

Article 15 calls for equality between women and men before the law, and

Article 16 calls for equality between women and men in all matters relating

to marriage and family relations, including “the same rights for both

spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management,

administration, enjoyment, and disposition of property.” CEDAW has been

used to achieve landmark victories for women to gain their property and

inheritance rights.

(GOM 1992; GOM 2000, GOM 2001; Konate 2003; FAO country report)

40

http://www.fao.org/gender/landrights/report/en/#bib_country_id=41

21

Problem Tree

Legal Framework. Differences between

de jure and de facto situation.

Allocation of land by government to foreign investors

Lack of access and

control over land

for women

Difficulty to procure food for households

Defeminization of agriculture in some countries

Undermine

women’s empowerment

Increase food insecurity

Causes

Effects

Individualization of

property

Demographic pressure Climate change

Reduced access to other agricultural resources

Lack of information

about women's rights

Women farming is

restricted to low-productivity agriculture

22

Stakeholder Mapping

Positive Neutral Negative Corrective Action

Governments

Mali

Maputo protocol, Verify with research position on agriculture, women and land,

IGOs FAO, WFP, UNDP UNWomen, , UN Special Rapporteur

Verify with research who is most active, and what program they are running

NGOs AGRA, Oxfam, Save the Children, HR Watch, List of civil society

Identify the ones with programs or objectives close to ours

Media Farm Radio – already info on Mali Mali Weekly – leading newspaper All Africa

Explore use of traditional media. Identify existing media options then zero in

Influencers and

Academics

Feminist activist associations, Legal practitioners , Universities for research and info

Feminist activist associations Legal practitioners – to tell us what legislation is in place, what is not, what is without enforcement etc

Social media

influencers

Check social media stats and demographics for social media

Celebrities Musicians –Kandia kouyate, Oumou Sangare, Salif Keita, Souleymane Cisse (Film Director)

Verify thru research whether they are viable champions for our cause.

Peers and

competitors

We will try to build real participative campaign & avoid confrontation and competition with other NGOs

Other

ŀ23

Advocacy Logic Model

24

Communication Strategy

Tools & ActivitiesInteractive Workshops

Public Dialogue

By whom: Partner NGOs - both local & int'l

2-pronged:

Lobbying

Interactive Workshops

Radio & television micro programs

posters & public visual presentations

workshops monitored by local people because of culture

By whom: local partner NGOs, local cooperative societies, women

community leaders

Communication Strategy

Participative approach

Target: Farmers' Unions and Organizations

Also participative approach

Target: local authorities, local judicial officers, religious leaders

Also participative approach

Target: mainly women but also the entire community

Communication Objectives & Campaign Positioning

Objective 1

Foster recognition of women as farmers not just workers

Objective 2

Sensitize local authorities on benefits of empowered women

Objective 3

Raise awareness to women and their communities on their [women's] rights

ŀ25

Story of Hadeye, a Malian Woman

The Story:

Hadeye has spent her life obeying her husband Yacouba. She was married

when she was 15 to a man from a very isolated village at the center of Mali.

Yacouba was captured during a Tuareg rebel raid. At the age of 33, she is a

widow facing a hopeless situation that could lead her and her six children to die

from hunger.

Like 90% of the Malian women, Hadeye grew up in a traditional family.

She can't write or read. She has always been told to be obedient and that is

exactly what she did.

Hadeye obeyed when Yacouba decided that their elder daughter would

leave school and go to another village to take care of her sick uncle. Hadeye

obeyed when Yacouba decided he would marry three wives. And Hadeye nodded

in agreement when Yacouba decided to join the rebel army. But it all turned out

badly and now Yacouba is dead. Two of Hadeye's sons escaped to the Niger border

with their grandmother. Hopefully the displaced boys will get food in the refugee

camp...

Hadeye still has three young mouths and herself to feed. The rebels did not

manage to steal her only goat. The tiny portion of land her husband's family left

her is a long distance away from home and it is not a fertile ground. In addition,

the drought has really been tough this year. The poor harvests have failed yet

again because of rainfall shortage.

Hadeye has to look for money to take care of her children's needs. But

from where? Her local leader has already warned that her garden may soon be

sold to international investors. In this strongly patriarchal society where many

women need to ask permission from their husbands just to leave the house,

Hadeye doesn't have a single clue how to claim any ownership rights, or that she

even has any.

Above all she does not understand why Yacouba's two other wives do not

seem to be starving and struggling the way she does. They show up every day at

the market place and make some money by selling onions and okras. This way

they decently feed their numerous children.

No one ever told Hadeye how to survive without her husband. Strangely

enough she has mixed feelings. With no husband around, those two wives gather

each evening to listen to the radio. Could it be that the radio knows the secret to

put an end to hunger?

On that night, Hadeye falls asleep feeling as usual the tiny bodies of her

children against her skin. She is so desperate and hungry that all she can think of

is that she must find a way to get the information...).

It will be a long night for Hadeye…..

26

Opinion Tracking and Media Analyses

Yes No Corrective Action needed?

Should you pole stakeholders and

General public regarding your issue or

organization?

√ No action needed

Would qualitative surveys bring new

insight to your messaging?

√ Yes, the local NGOs and local regional authorities

Have the media reported about your

organization recently? Was it positive?

√

Is the sentiment on the issue and your

organization positive in social media?

Not applicable

Are there trends and issues you need to

be aware of in the media?

√ 1) Africa cannot feed itself 2) Islam is the greatest enemy of women’s

rights 3) Careful how we communicate concerns

on land-grabbing Are there important social influencers

including bloggers?

√ Yes, Global Development Blog in the Guardian influences donors

Have you measured your share of voice

vs share of mind?

√ Not applicable, difficult right now

Other opinion tracking or media

analysis required?

√ 1) Social media impact assessment / analysis

2) Assessment / analysis of traditional media presence, impact, influence and opinion of our issues

Media Platforms

Title Reach Main subjects Forward

Features

Top Journalists

All Africa Aggregated African news

Africa Journal TV features on sustainable development reach 20 million homes in Africa

Pan – African weekly news Africa’s most important stories and interviews in trade & economic development, ,

IRIN IRIN audience

52% - Humanitarian workers: 52% - International and national NGOs, UN, governments, donors, humanitarian and development

27

consultants 25% - Academia: 9% - Media: 14% - Others: Corporate and private sector, military, etc.

Farm Radio 330 radio organizations in 39 African countries • Radio Libre

Bamakan Bamako, Mali Community Radio Listeners: 2,000,000

• Radio Jigiya Mali Community Radio Listeners: 500,000

• Radio Yeelen Kadiolo, Mali Community Radio Listeners: 300,000

• Radio Dionakan Koulikoro, Mali Community Radio Listeners: 116,983

The African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI)

Media Measurement

Awareness Acknowledgement Acceptance Activation

Activity • Meetings with officials

• Radio & TV program

• Posters • Workshops on the

ground • Community

gathering

Intermediary • Reach of programs • Number of

participant to gatherings

• Upgrade of program’s content

• Support from

• Donors’ funding

28

• Number of meetings(quantitative)

• Rank of officials met (qualitative)

donors

Target audience

effect

• Discussion by/in farmers’ unions meeting

• Agree to discuss by religious leaders

• Women-led cooperatives are funded

• Trend change in judicial process (both judges+prosecutors)

• Development of women-tailored farming programs/farmers union

• Statements from local leaders

Social Media KPIs

OBJECTIVE OUTPUT MEASURES -

Quantitative

OUTCOME MEASURES -

Qualitative

Inform stakeholders and public

(CREATING AWARENESS STAGE)

Blogs • No. of relevant articles we

write • Acceptance of articles by

top-tier media / blogs

Blogs • Other blogs referring to our

stories / articles • No. of requests received to

blog from top-tier media

Interact with stakeholders

(CREATING AWARNESS AND

ENCOURAGING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)

Twitter • No. of re-tweets • No. of mentions (hash tag

Mali, land rights, land coalition etc)

Twitter • Follower ratio • No. of tweets initiated by

3rd parties

29

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ŀ32

Interviews and Meetings

Date Contact Name Title

16/03/2012 &

03/05/2012

Manga Dembélé Directeur de la Communication, Malian Embassy in Paris

03/04/2012 Christine Verschuur PHD Senior Lecturer, Responsable Pour Genre et Developpement (IHEID)

03/04/2012 Dr. Christophe Golay Research Fellow at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

Right to Food expert and Former Legal Advisor to the UN-Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food

05/04/2012 David Gressly UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Director

05/04/2012 Grant Leaity UNICEF's head of operations in West Africa and Central Africa

06/04/2012 Marie-Rose Van Den

Driesch

Service Public Fédéral des Affaires étrangères de Belgique, Commerce extérieur et coopération au

développement

11/04/2012 Benjamin Fiafor Regional Field Manager (West Africa) at Farm Radio International

12/04/2012 François Laureys Regional Manager West-Africa at International Institute for Communication & Development (IICD)

13/04/2012 Michael John Taylor Programme Manager Global Policy and Africa at ILC secretariat at IFAD

13/04/2012 Olivier de Schutter United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food

13/04/2012 Mamadou Sibibe Président du Conseil National du Patronat du Mali

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13/04/2012 Roni Amelan UNESCO Press service editor

13/04/2012 Fiona Flintan Consultant at International Land Coalition

14/04/2012 Martin Vogl BBC journalist in Mali

18/04/2012 Glenn Payot Délégué auprès des Nations Unies pour la Fédération International des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme

18/04/2012 Ulrik Halsteen Human Rights Officer, Special Procedures Branch, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for

Human Rights

28/04/2012 Dr. Alfred de Zayas Independent UN Expert

30/04/2012 Elisabeth Sola Co-founder and President Idées Elles NGO & Prométhée NGO

30/04/2012 Alexis Zufo Dembelé Journaliste (Radio San), prêtre et Responsable de l’Université catholique de Bamako

02/05/2012 Mamoudou Kassambara Director Prométhée NGO in Mali

02/05/2012 Dramane Sidibé Director CARE Mali

11/05/2012 Modibo Coulibaly Farm Radio Mali

11/05/2012 Sabine Pallas Programme Officer, Women's Land Rights and Resource Mobilisation at International Land Coalition

30/05/2012 Joëlle Turbe Commission des droits humains de l'Union internationale du notariat

ŀ34

Research in videos

Title Author(s) Link Date

AGRA in Mali Alliance for a Green

Revolution in Africa

http://bit.ly/KkTNUc 2009

Davos 2012 - Ensuring Food Security World Economic Forum http://bit.ly/AAURpi 2012

Documentary : Planet for sale – Food

crisis and the global land grab

CAPA Presse http://bit.ly/jfvI6e 2011

Documentary : Le Jardin de Laila, des

microcrédits pour les femmes

maliennes

Association suisse de

solidarité internationale

Idées'Elles – Prométhée

ONG

DVD 2004

Femmes Rurales du Mali: le rôle des

femmes dans les défis de sécurité

alimentaire

UN Women http://bit.ly/L85nFb 2012

Gendered Impact of Food Prices: How

do rising food prices affect men and

women differently?

IFPRI Food Portal

(International Food

Policy Research Institute

IFPRI)

http://bit.ly/tYsCSV 2011

Gender Equality and Development : Co-

Directors Ana Revenga and Sudhir

Shetty talk about the main findings of

the World Development Report 2012

The World Bank http://bit.ly/pXOrMx 2012

Growing Impact: Three inspiring stories

from AWARD Fellows, showcasing

agricultural innovations serving rural

women in Sub-Saharan Africa

African Women in

Agricultural Research

and Development

(AWARD)

http://bit.ly/LCGtN1 2010

Mali : Edition spéciale, coup d'Etat au

Mali sur TV5MONDE Afrique

TV5 Monde Afrique http://bit.ly/LCG2lQ 2012

Mobile Network and Citizen Journalists

Empower Communities

Internews http://bit.ly/w0I4p7 2012

New Film Exposes the Devastating

Impact World Bank Backing for Land

Investments is having in Mali

ON Broadcast

Communications

http://bit.ly/MrHoyy 2012

Période de lancement du Programme

Pathways: entretien avec Dramane

Sidibé, CARE Mali

CARE Mali http://bit.ly/MrGjXx 2012

President Obama speaks to the press at

the end of the G8 Summit at Camp

David. May 19, 2012.

White House http://bit.ly/L84axM 2012

World Bank creating poverty BBC http://bit.ly/dqb5IF 2008

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Research on Media Coverage of Food Insecurity issues

Media outlet Media type Sentiment Link

African Business Review Business

Magazine

Positive-innovation in agriculture http://bit.ly/H6Otam

Afrique en Ligne News Portal Positive- Financial Support to

farmers

http://bit.ly/Ie3cfJ

allAfrica News Portal Positive-innovation in agriculture http://bit.ly/GSzv5F

allAfrica News Portal Positive- How to use web to

collaborate (farmers)

http://bit.ly/GUjfjO

allAfrica News Portal Positive- Technology http://bit.ly/HS4CPv

allAfrica News Portal Positive- Investments in

agriculture

http://bit.ly/JkisNr

BBC Radio and

News portal

Positive and alarming http://bbc.in/d6aTck

Bloomberg News Portal Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bloom.bg/Hjxspv

The Financial Times Newspaper Negative- Land grab http://on.ft.com/KpxEZx

The Financial Times Newspaper Positive-micro credits http://on.ft.com/KT8DBg

Ghana Web News Portal Negative- women vulnerable to

climate change

http://bit.ly/KewPUN

Guardian (The) Newspaper Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bit.ly/HhVSoy

Guardian (The) Newspaper Negative – Family code

IPS NEWS (Inter Press

Agency

News agency Positive – Many interviews

covering our subject

http://bit.ly/IPcX63

IRIN News News agency Positive and alarming http://bit.ly/Nl6C7m

Morning Star News Portal Negative- Int. Community

suspends aid to Mali

http://bit.ly/H7bmv6

MSN News News Portal Positive- Guidelines on land

grabbing

http://bit.ly/J5GTca

New Business Ethiopia Business

Magazine

Positive- Agricultural

development

http://bit.ly/KpuhBR

UN News Centre News Portal Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bit.ly/HFoRkj

UN News Centre News Portal Positive-agricultural development http://bit.ly/x6cSFi