- Rise of New Leadersand Ideas in Europe during the 1930s LIC.
LAURA FLORES
ExtremeNationalismDenyIndividual Rights-Supremacy
ofTheStateIncreasing influence of newpolitical parties that
emphasizestate control - For example:Communism,Nazism, FascismTotal
Control of State by a Dictator TOTALITARIANISM
- Describe its characteristics
Totalitarianism
- Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the
state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)
- Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
- Military state (secret police, army, military)
- Censorship (to examine printed materials to ban or delete
information)
- Propaganda(media radio, newspapers, posters)
- One leader (dictator); charismatic
- Authoritarian (requiring absolute loyalty and obedience to the
state
Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and
Fascism,are completely different theories that are opposed; however
they exhibit the same behaviour Totalitarianism Nazism Fascism
Communism Communism
- I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from
1922-1953.
- revolutionary idea of a political,economic and social system
thatcreates a classless society
- state ownership and control of themeans of production (no
privateownership)
- Soviet Communism or Stalinism,was more of a totalitarian
andmilitary state combined withelements of communism
Fascism
- I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922
to 1943. First
- European fascist dictator of Italy
- intense nationalism and elitism
- interests of the state more important than individual
rights
- maintain class system and private ownership
Ideas of Mussolini
- Mussolini argued that citizens wereempowered when they were
subordinated to the state.By blindly obeying the state, they helped
the state thrive, which benefited them.
- To Mussolini, this distinguished the fascist state from
repressive authoritarian governments, which sought to crush people,
& not empower them.
Nazism
- I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of
Germany from 1933 to 1945.
- What is Nazism? German fascism
- extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian
- based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers
Party
- belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the master
race
- belief that all Germans should have lebensraum or living space
in Europe
- Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germanys problems on
them
Adolph Hitler
- Hitler considered himself superior, eventhough he was a drifter
& failed artist during his youth.
- A corporal during WWI, he was devastated by Germanys loss &
blamed it on the Jews.
- He started his political career at age 30, joining the German
Workers Party.He had exceptional speaking skills & came to be
revered by others in the party.He was chosen its leader in 1921,
and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers Party.
Nazism
- appear in Italian fascism.
Nazi Controls Anti-semitism: Hostility anddiscrimination against
the jewsTerritorial integrity: Territorial domain of a StateArmed
Aggression: Military invasion, a War of conquest
- GESTAPO :the Secret State Police
- SS (Schutzstaffel):Defense Corps black shirts, an elite guard
unit formed out of the SA
- SA (Sturmabteilung):Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private
Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political
parties
- Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for
territorial expansion of Germany into east
- Einstazgruppen:Nazi Death Squad; mobile killingunits
Nazi Military State M EIN KAMPF : Book written by Hitler, set
his ideas and goals:Germans were a master race, that jews , latins,
black people, gypsies, Homosexuals, were inferior and should be
destroyedLEBENSRAUM: living space for GermansVERSAILLES TREATY :
should be destroyed Mein Kampf(1924)
- The title meansMy Struggle , and it expounds on Hitlers
antiSemitism, worship of power, scorn for morality, and plan for
world domination. Hitler wrote it in prison after a failed attempt
to overthrow the German government
ENABLING ACT: Act thatGave Hitler AbsolutePowerin Germany for
fourYears- This Nazi propaganda poster reads, Behind the enemy
powers: the Jew. Nuremberg Laws : Deprived jews of german
citizenship and rights The Eternal JewPosters like this promoted a
sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence
against the Jewish community. Kristallnocht:The beginning of the
nazi persecution of jews kristallnacht
- KristallnachtNovember 9, 1938Night of Broken GlassJewish shops,
synagogues, homes violently attackedafter a Jewish teenager from
Germany shot a German diplomat in Parisbeginning of mass emigration
of Jews and the forced removal to Jewish ghettos