Main Themes of Pakistan Foreign Policy

1. National Security

2. Economic Interest

3. Islamic Solidarity

4. Peaceful Co-existence

5. Non Alignment

6. Bilateralism

7. United Nations

Evolution from 1947-Current

First phase

• 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All

• 1953-62: Alignment with the West

Second phase

• 1962-71: Transition

• 1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment

• 1980-90: Afghanistan and Partnership with the United States

Third Phase

• 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and Pakistan's Dilemmas

• 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism

First Phase

1. 1947-53: Exploration and Friendship with All

2. 1953-62: Alignment with the West

1947 – 1953: Exploration and Friendship with all

• Foundations of the Foreign Policy

• Relations with India

• Relations with Afghanistan

• Relations with U.S.A and U.S.S.R

• Relations with Muslim Countries

1953-62: Alignment with the West

• Alignment with the West

• Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement

• SEATO

• The Baghdad Pact / CENTO

• Defence and Economic Assistance from the U.S.

• Cost of Alignment with the West

• Relations with China

Second Phase 1. 1962-71: Transition

2. 1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment

3. 1980-90: Afghanistan and Partnership with the United States

1962- 1971 Transition

• Rethinking about the Alignment Policy

• Improving Relations with the Soviet Union

• Improving Relations with China

• Diminishing Ties with the U.S.

• Pluralistic Perspective

• Relations with India

• Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response

1972- 1979 Bilateralism and Nonalignment

• Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO

• Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979

• East –Pakistan break up as a separate state

• India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to this break up

• Pakistan ties their relationship with China .

• Zulficar Ali Bhutto visited to Russia to strengthen their relationship. Bhutto also visited United states with intention to strengthen the relationship between two countries.

• Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and Burning down US embassy in 1979 their relationship was put to the lowest point

1980-1990 Afghanistan and Partnership with the United States

• Pakistan supported Afganistan in Soviet invasion

• Pakistan hosted Afgan refugees during this war

• However due to soviet invasion USA supported Pakistan with military and finance. ISI of Pakistan and CIA of USA worked together in this period.

• China also assisted Pakistan during Afgan war with regard to financial and security matters

• Organization of Islamic conference supported Pakistan with finance for hosting refugees of afgan war

• During Afgan war Indo – Pakistan relationship existed with negative and positive manner

• Putting ending to the Afgan war Pakistan , Russia , USA and Afganistansigned Geneva accord which was a result of United nation interference

Third Phase 1. 1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and Pakistan's

Dilemmas

2. 2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism

1990-2001: Post Cold War Era and Pakistan's Dilemmas

• Another Drift in Pak-US Relations

• Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem

• Insurgency in Kashmir

• Going Nuclear

2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism

• September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism

• Increased U.S. Support

• Pakistan's Relations with China and Russia

• Muslim World and Pakistan

• Drone strikes and covert warfare , national espionage

Concluding Remarks

Pakistan Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar speaks out on U.S. relations on CNN ,2013(00:02.15 mins)