The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age

Chapter 19Chapter 19

The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age Refers to American history Refers to American history

from about 1870 to 1900from about 1870 to 1900 Businesses were growing Businesses were growing

and making more money and making more money than everthan ever

U.S. Government was U.S. Government was making laws that allowed making laws that allowed this growth to continuethis growth to continue

BUT there was a lot of BUT there was a lot of corruption and illegal corruption and illegal deals occurring beneath deals occurring beneath the surface.the surface.

Spoils System vs. Civil ServiceSpoils System vs. Civil Service

After the Civil War, most people employed After the Civil War, most people employed by the government got their job through by the government got their job through The Spoils SystemThe Spoils System, where , where elected elected officials gave jobs to their family, friends, officials gave jobs to their family, friends, and political supportersand political supporters. .

Starting in 1883, the Starting in 1883, the Civil ServiceCivil Service was was designed to give people jobs in the designed to give people jobs in the government based on whether or not the government based on whether or not the candidate was qualified for the job, not candidate was qualified for the job, not whether or not they knew someonewhether or not they knew someone

The Gilded Age: The Gilded Age: Era of Political MachinesEra of Political Machines

A A Political MachinePolitical Machine is a political is a political group that group that makes deals and runs makes deals and runs politics in an area through a series of politics in an area through a series of corrupt deals between politicians, corrupt deals between politicians, local businesses and citizens.local businesses and citizens.

Political Machines provided goods and Political Machines provided goods and services, like fire and police protection to services, like fire and police protection to the poor in exchange for votesthe poor in exchange for votes– Accepted bribes from businesses to ensure Accepted bribes from businesses to ensure

inspectors wouldn’t shut down the businessinspectors wouldn’t shut down the business

Thomas Nast Anti-Tweed Ring Satire, 1871Thomas Nast Anti-Tweed Ring Satire, 1871

The Gilded Age: The Gilded Age: Era of Political MachinesEra of Political Machines

The Gilded Age: The Gilded Age: Era of Political MachinesEra of Political Machines

The leaders of these political The leaders of these political machinesmachines were called were called Party Bosses.Party Bosses.

The Most Notorious of these was The Most Notorious of these was William “Boss” TweedWilliam “Boss” Tweed. .

He He controlled New York City via a controlled New York City via a corrupt network of connectionscorrupt network of connections..

Tammany HallTammany Hall was was the building and the building and group that carried out all of Boss group that carried out all of Boss Tweed’s political activity.Tweed’s political activity.

The Notorious Boss TweedThe Notorious Boss Tweed

I don't care who does the electing, so long as I get to do the nominating!

The way to have power is to take it!

The Notorious B.I.G.The Notorious B.I.G.

Move over Lucifer, I’m more ruthless, leave you toothless!

Progressive MovementProgressive Movement Progressives tried to sway people Progressives tried to sway people

towards more legitimate political towards more legitimate political candidates with a new approach to get candidates with a new approach to get voters more involved in the processvoters more involved in the process

This included the creation of the This included the creation of the Primary ElectionPrimary Election in which in which voters voters chose who they wanted to run for a chose who they wanted to run for a political office.political office.

Voters also were given the power of Voters also were given the power of Recall, Initiative, and ReferendumRecall, Initiative, and Referendum

Muckraking JournalistsMuckraking Journalists Newspapers had to find new ways to sell Newspapers had to find new ways to sell

storiesstories One approach was through One approach was through MuckrakingMuckraking, ,

or or the attempt to expose corruption in big the attempt to expose corruption in big business and government by digging up business and government by digging up the dirty details and publishing them in the dirty details and publishing them in the newspaperthe newspaper– Ida TarbellIda Tarbell is famous for exposing the is famous for exposing the

business practices of the Standard Oil Trust of business practices of the Standard Oil Trust of John D. Rockefeller, which led to the breakup of John D. Rockefeller, which led to the breakup of the business!the business!

Raking the MuckRaking the Muck

Welcome to the Jungle!Welcome to the Jungle!

One of the most influential pieces from One of the most influential pieces from the muckraking period was the muckraking period was Upton Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”Sinclair’s “The Jungle”

This book This book focused on the disgusting focused on the disgusting conditions within a Chicago Meat-packing conditions within a Chicago Meat-packing plant.plant.

The book succeeded in The book succeeded in opening up people’s eyes toopening up people’s eyes to how bad some of these how bad some of thesebig business’s practicesbig business’s practices were. were.

The Progressive The Progressive PresidentsPresidents

Chapter 18 Section 2Chapter 18 Section 2

Teddy Roosevelt the ProgressiveTeddy Roosevelt the Progressive Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt becomes President in becomes President in

1901 after William T. McKinley is assassinated.1901 after William T. McKinley is assassinated. T.R. will devise the T.R. will devise the

Square DealSquare Deal, , planplanfor America for America focusing on focusing on regulation of big regulation of big business, business, conservation of conservation of Natural Resources, and Natural Resources, and protecting consumers.protecting consumers.

Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt and and

The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt the ProgressiveTeddy Roosevelt the Progressive

Teddy Roosevelt would pass the Food Teddy Roosevelt would pass the Food and Drug Act after reading Upton and Drug Act after reading Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”, which would set Sinclair’s “The Jungle”, which would set up the up the Food and Drug Food and Drug AdministrationAdministration, which , which strove to strove to maintain safe standards for keeping, maintain safe standards for keeping, processing, and serving food.processing, and serving food.

T.R. also received the nickname of T.R. also received the nickname of TrustbusterTrustbuster, for his attempts to , for his attempts to shut shut down big business monopolies.down big business monopolies.

Teddy Roosevelt the ProgressiveTeddy Roosevelt the Progressive

Conservation Conservation – is the – is the attempt at attempt at maintaining and preserving natural maintaining and preserving natural resources and wildlife.resources and wildlife.

Roosevelt’s love of nature and the Roosevelt’s love of nature and the outdoors led to him working on a number outdoors led to him working on a number of conservation projects, including:of conservation projects, including:– Setting up the National Forestry ServiceSetting up the National Forestry Service– Creating the National Park System Creating the National Park System – As well as the Antiquities ActAs well as the Antiquities Act

Taft the Somewhat ProgressiveTaft the Somewhat Progressive William H. TaftWilliam H. Taft would be elected in 1908 would be elected in 1908

as T.R.’s replacement, he is ineffective as T.R.’s replacement, he is ineffective because of major because of major problems with his problems with his administration,administration,but still has somebut still has somesuccesses in:successes in:– Fixing workingFixing working

conditions in minesconditions in mines– Child Labor lawsChild Labor laws– 8 Hour work day for 8 Hour work day for

government workersgovernment workers

WilsonWilsonthe Democratic the Democratic ProgressiveProgressive

Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson is theis theonly Democrat Progressiveonly Democrat Progressivepresident, and stole the election ofpresident, and stole the election of 1912 from 1912 from Roosevelt and Taft. Continued Progressive Roosevelt and Taft. Continued Progressive reforms by:reforms by:– Establishing the Federal Trade CommissionEstablishing the Federal Trade Commission to to

investigate business practicesinvestigate business practices– Signed New Anti-Trust legislations ensuring fair Signed New Anti-Trust legislations ensuring fair

competition, competition, andand– Established the Federal Reserve Established the Federal Reserve to control money to control money

supply through use of interest ratessupply through use of interest rates

The Rights of Women The Rights of Women and and

The Struggle for EqualityThe Struggle for Equality

Chapter 19 Chapter 19

Sections 3 and 4Sections 3 and 4

ProhibitionProhibition

Women’s groups, like the Women’s Women’s groups, like the Women’s Christian Temperance Union led by Christian Temperance Union led by Francis Willard, believed that America’s Francis Willard, believed that America’s obsession with drinking was destroying obsession with drinking was destroying families.families.– They pushed for They pushed for ProhibitionProhibition or or the the

elimination of alcohol from societyelimination of alcohol from society In 1917 the In 1917 the 1818thth Amendment Amendment would would

ban making, selling, or transporting ban making, selling, or transporting alcohol.alcohol.

Prohibition: Saving BabiesProhibition: Saving Babies

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt would would develop develop a plan to get the right for women to a plan to get the right for women to vote in each statevote in each state..

These These women who fought for the right women who fought for the right to voteto vote were called were called Suffragists.Suffragists.

This would be passed as the This would be passed as the 1919thth AmendmentAmendment, first ratified by only a , first ratified by only a few states in 1919, and finally by most few states in 1919, and finally by most of the others in 1920.of the others in 1920.

Suffrage VS. Suffering

Advancing Advancing African American RightsAfrican American Rights

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington worked his worked his way from slavery to become one of way from slavery to become one of the most prominent African-American the most prominent African-American minds in American societyminds in American society– Booker T. believed that only through Booker T. believed that only through

proving their worth in the workplace proving their worth in the workplace would African-Americans gain equalitywould African-Americans gain equality

– He founded the all-black Tuskegee He founded the all-black Tuskegee Institute, a college to teach these skills.Institute, a college to teach these skills.

Advancing Advancing African American RightsAfrican American Rights

W.E.B. Du Bois W.E.B. Du Bois agreed with Booker T. agreed with Booker T. Washington about education and skills as Washington about education and skills as a necessity for African-Americans.a necessity for African-Americans.– DuBois believed that segregation had to be DuBois believed that segregation had to be

eliminated first before African-Americans eliminated first before African-Americans could take steps toward progress and could take steps toward progress and equality.equality.

– DuBois founded the National Association for DuBois founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples to fight the Advancement of Colored Peoples to fight legal battles and promote the end of legal battles and promote the end of segregationsegregation

Booker T. vs. W.E.B. Booker T. vs. W.E.B. The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of

questions of social equality is the extremist folly, and that progress questions of social equality is the extremist folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. -- Booker T. Washingtonforcing. -- Booker T. Washington

We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a free We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a free American, political, civil and social, and until we get these rights we American, political, civil and social, and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. -- W.E.B. will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. -- W.E.B. Du BoisDu Bois

More People!!!More People!!!

Mexican Immigration would increase Mexican Immigration would increase in the early 1900’s as a famine and in the early 1900’s as a famine and revolution hit Mexicorevolution hit Mexico

It is during this time that L.A. really It is during this time that L.A. really begins to grow.begins to grow.

Roosevelt would feel pressure from Roosevelt would feel pressure from many sides to limit Asian many sides to limit Asian immigration, and would do just that.immigration, and would do just that.

Religious IntoleranceReligious Intolerance

Because of Anti-Catholic Anti-Because of Anti-Catholic Anti-Immigrant Nativists in America, a Immigrant Nativists in America, a movement to establish movement to establish Parochial Parochial SchoolsSchools sponsored by the Catholic sponsored by the Catholic churchchurch

There was also a great deal of There was also a great deal of Anti-Anti-SemitismSemitism, or , or hatred for people of hatred for people of Jewish faith.Jewish faith. – This would often follow them from their This would often follow them from their

old countries.old countries.