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1
Overview of TerrorismUnderstanding Terrorism
10th Annual
Emergency Management Conference
San Juan, PR
May 22, 2000
Dr. George Buck
University of South Florida
2
Definition of Terrorism
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word “Fear”
“The Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government, the Civilian Population, or Segment Thereof, in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectives.”(Source FBI)
3
Definition of Terrorism
However the Media defines “Terrorism” for the day’s news events
4
Paradigm
New York’s World Trade Center Bombed
Middle Eastern Terrorist.
5
Paradigm
Oklahoma City Bombing
Middle Eastern Man detained
However, the boy next door did it
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Paradigm
Tokyo Subway “PARADIGM BROKEN”
The Harbor Incident (United States)
Chemical Attack
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Terrorism Priorities
The priories’ in the United States relating to the threats of Terrorism is Domestic in nature.
August 7, 1998 3:30 am Eastern Time
8
Terrorism Priorities
The priories’ in the United States relating to the threats of Terrorism is International in nature.
August 7, 1998 3:40 am Eastern Time
9
Terrorism Priorities
TodayBiological
Conventional Weapons
Dirty Bombs
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The Terrorist and their Thinking
11
Two Types of Groups
Domestic/
National
International
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Domestic TerrorismIt’s Roots
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The Birth of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
June 9, 1866
Started as a Social Organization by General
Nathan Bedford
All of the founding members were college educated
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Domestic Terrorism
Groups believe that the time has come to arm themselves in defense of their liberties.
15
Domestic Terrorism(National)
Terroristic activities of groups or individuals directed at elements or the
U.S. Government or population without foreign direction
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Domestic Terrorism
The time has come to arm ourselves.
The Declaration of Independence itself says that “whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends [life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness],
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Domestic Terrorism
“It is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.”
Thomas Jefferson advised that “the tree of liberty must be watered periodically with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”
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Domestic Terrorism
Timothy McVeigh’s
favorite T-shirt
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National Terrorism, It’s Thinking
National - Who Wrote the Constitution, Before 1866?
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The Social Contract
The Declaration of Independence was the Promise; the Constitution was the fulfillment.
1866 the fulfillment and promise was broken.
21
Armed Forces of National Liberation.
The FALN has claimed responsibility for numerous bombings in the United States; its 1975 bombing of Fraunces Tavern in New
York killed four and injured 63.
Attacked U.S. government targets
in Puerto Rico.
22
National and International Join Forces
23
International Terrorism
War by Proxy
24
International Terrorism
War by Nations (States)
or
Causes
International - Disrupt Daily.
25
Terrorist Motives
Ethnic Cleansing Damage Infrastructure Disrupt Normal Life Direct Kill of an
Enemy
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Terrorist Motives Undermine Confidence In Government
- Requires Media Coverage
- Should effect as many people as possible
- Must last long enough to overwhelm (NYC)
Local resources
Media audience
- Usually directed towards injury fatality (International Terrorist)
27
Target Selection
Based on:
Motive Type of Device Available Type of Deployment
Method Available
28
Thinking Outside the Box
They ARE!!
29
Types of Terrorist Incidents
Four Primary Types for
Emergency Services
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Terrorist Incidents
Explosives and Arson Nuclear Materials Biological Agents Chemical Agents
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Explosives and Arson
70% of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building, Aircraft, Monuments,
etc.. Large Devices, Truck or Car Bombs
32
Operational Procedures for Terrorist Incidents
FACTORS FOR PREPARINGCommon Weapons
Stand-off Weapons
Super Terrorism
33
Operational Changes
Emergency Services strategic thinker must be willing to “think the unthinkable” so that appropriate responses may be conceived.
Do not overstate the threat.
34
Terrorist Units and Cells:A Functional Approach
Funding
• Sources: crime, harvesting• Processing and management, •Nation States
Training
• Recruitment • Instructors• Sites• Equipment
Intelligence
• Supplied• Gathered• Internet/other open source• Information and politics
Logistics
• Equipment & supplies• Other essentials• Sources
Operations
• One-man• Team• Multilateral/ collaborative
35
Government Response to Terrorism:
A Functional Approach
Funding
• Sources: •Federal, State and •Local Taxes
Training
• Recruitment • Instructors• Sites• Equipment
Intelligence
• Supplied• Gathered• Internet/other open source• Information and politics
Logistics
• Equipment & supplies• Other essentials• Sources
Operations
• One-man• Team• Multilateral/ collaborative
36
Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Terrorist Targets and their Terrorist Targets and their WeaponsWeapons
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Common Weapons
Fertilizer Bombs Dynamite Semtex Automatic and Semi-automatic and Pistols
remain the weapons of choice.
38
Stand-Off Weapons
American Stinger Russian SA-7 Hand-Held Anti-Aircraft
missiles US Army Light Anti-tank Weapon (LAW) Russian RPG-7 Anti-Tank Weapon And Increasing Bombing Technologies.
39
Where is Terrorism Going?
The CYBER World
40
ARE YOU READY??
41
HE IS!!!!!!!!!