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04/12/2023 1
America Declares War
December 8, 1941
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TN Curriculum Standards:
• 3.0-Identify the countries affected by the totalitarian states and their acts of aggression and expansion considering geographic location.
*Identify the various theaters of war during WWII.
• 5.0-Understand the changing dynamics of American life during WWII.
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Student Performance Indicators (SPI)
• 8.7-Recognize WWII alliances.• 8.8-Analyze how WWII affected the American
economy (women in the workforce, movement to urban centers, minority employment, post war G. I. Bill, rationing, childcare)
• 8.10- Evaluate the impact of the Manhattan Project.
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War Production
• After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, FDR was determined to overwhelm the Axis powers with both our superior military equipment and the speed in which we could produce them.
• Factories suspended production on their regular contracts like passenger cars and household items and began manufacturing tanks and airplanes.
• War production was increased to records never seen before in the history of the U.S.
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War Production
• The federal government spent more than $100 billion on contracts for war supplies.
• At this time, the U.S. had more jobs than they actually had workers to fill the jobs.
• The government gave contracts to companies like General Electric and U. S. Steel.
• The increase in jobs led to an increase in Union membership although they agreed to not launch any strikes during the war.
• No one wanted to do anything to halt war production.
• The ramp in production came to a total of over $304 billion.
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Military Production
• The United States produced:
300,000airplanes80,000 tanks7000 ships3 million vehiclesBillions of bullets
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Fight On!!!!
• The attack on Pearl Harbor destroyed most of the U.S.’s Pacific fleet.
• This left us unable to successfully defend ourselves from the Japanese in the Pacific.
• Hitler’s u-boats were successfully sinking American ships in the Atlantic.
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Battle in the Pacific
• Japan’s military strategist Admiral Yamamoto believed that the way to defeat the Americans was to launch an all-out defensive in the southern Pacific.
• They struck U.S. airfields in the Philippines and captured bases on Guam and Wake Island.
• The British naval base of Singapore also surrendered to the Japanese.
• Japan needed a complete takeover of the Philippines before they could claim complete domination in the Southern Pacific.
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Admiral Yamamoto
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Japanese conquer of the Philippines
• The Japanese attack on the Philippines in January of 1942 forced American General Douglas MacArthur to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula .
• In the Bataan Peninsula, the troops held out for more than 3 months.
• The lack of food and supplies drove them to eat their cavalry horses and mules.
• Diseases like malaria and dysentery ran rampant.
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The Bataan
• FDR couldn’t risk having General Douglas MacArthur captured, so he had him escape to Australia.
• His capture would have destroyed morale both at home and abroad.
• Upon surrendering, 78,000 prisoners of war were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp. 10,000 troops died along the way
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Japanese Domination
• Before the march, the soldiers were already malnourished, sickly, and fatigued.
• Female Allied nurses were also captured. They remained in Manila until 1945.
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Bataan Death March
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Japanese Imperialism
• Japan went on to conquer the oil-rich Dutch East Indies.
• In comparison to the U.S.’s ships, Japan’s ships were “larger, faster, and more heavily armed”.
• They routinely out-performed American ships.
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The Doolittle Raid
• After American defeat in the Philippines, FDR knew they needed a military strategy that would raise morale.
• He wanted to bomb Tokyo (capital of Japan), but American planes needed aircraft carriers to get them close enough to do the job.
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Preparing to attack Tokyo
• American aircraft carriers would have to get around Japanese ships that were already stationed in the North Pacific in order to complete the mission.
• The military decided to replace the short- range bombers that they normally used with long-range B-25s.
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Firebombing Tokyo
• The problem with using the long-range B-25s was clear immediately.
• They could take off from carriers, but they could not land on them because their decks were too short.
• If they attacked Japan, they would have to land in China.
• FDR assigned Lt. Colonel James Doolittle the task of coordinating the bombing of Tokyo.
• The aircraft carrier named Hornet was loaded with 16 B-25s.
• America firebombed Tokyo April 18th .
• This was the 1st time Japan had been bombed by America.
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April 18, 1942-Doolittle Raid over Tokyo
• The mission to bomb Tokyo was so secretive that the Commanding officer wasn’t informed of the mission until the B-25s were being loaded.
• While the damage wasn’t as extensive as the U.S. would have liked, it was still enough to infuriate and embarrass the Japanese.
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Japan Strikes Back
• After the attack on Tokyo, the Japanese decided to cut the American supply lines to Australia.
• In order to do this, they would have to also capture the southern coast of New Guinea.
• Admiral Yamamoto wanted to attack the last American base in the North Pacific- Midway.
• He wanted a battle with the American fleet because he believed Japan to be superior.
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Japan’s military strategy
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Battle in the Pacific
• Japan believed that destroying the U.S.’s fleet was the only way to protect Tokyo from further bombings.
• Japan assigned only 3 aircraft carriers to attack New Guinea. They rest were dispatched to Midway.
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Battle of the Coral Sea
• Japan was confident in proceeding with these two battles because they thought that their operations were top-secret.
• They did not know that American code breakers in Hawaii had already deciphered their secret code.
• American carriers met the Japanese on the Coral Sea and prevented them from landing on New Guinea– this enabled them to keep their supply lines open.
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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Battle of Midway
• Admiral Nimitz (American fleet) ordered his carriers to the Central Pacific after learning about the plan at Midway.
• From June 3rd to June 6th, American naval ships and planes dealt devastating blows to the Japanese navy.
• This turned the tide in the Pacific. The Japanese were at a disadvantage, but they still held strong to other places that it had conquered.