#133-154#133-154John PellegrinoJohn Pellegrino

Peace of Prague (1636)Peace of Prague (1636)

• Treaty between Hapsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and the Treaty between Hapsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and the Electorate of SaxonyElectorate of Saxony• Saxony gained Bohemia (Lower and Upper Lusatia)Saxony gained Bohemia (Lower and Upper Lusatia)• Brought an end to the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years’ war Brought an end to the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years’ war • Military actions still continued due to intervention by Spain, Military actions still continued due to intervention by Spain, Sweden, and France until the Peace of WestphaliaSweden, and France until the Peace of Westphalia

Franco-Swedish Intervention Franco-Swedish Intervention (1635–1648)(1635–1648)

• France’s rivalry with the France’s rivalry with the Hapsburgs encouraged their Hapsburgs encouraged their involvement against the Holy involvement against the Holy Roman EmpireRoman Empire

• Gustavas Adolphus, King of Gustavas Adolphus, King of Sweden, was very pro-Sweden, was very pro-Protestantism and wanted to Protestantism and wanted to support the Protestant agenda by support the Protestant agenda by invading the Hapsburgs and aiding invading the Hapsburgs and aiding in their demisein their demise

• France bought Swedish help, France bought Swedish help, Sweden promised to maintain an Sweden promised to maintain an army in Germany and continue army in Germany and continue hostilities against the Holy Roman hostilities against the Holy Roman Empire until France gave Empire until France gave permission to ceasepermission to cease

Peace of Westphalia (1646)Peace of Westphalia (1646)

• Treaty between Holy Roman Empire and France, Sweden, and Treaty between Holy Roman Empire and France, Sweden, and their alliestheir allies• Brought a final end to the Thirty Year’s War in GermanyBrought a final end to the Thirty Year’s War in Germany• Allowed practice of Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism in Allowed practice of Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism in different regions within Holy Roman Empiredifferent regions within Holy Roman Empire• Redrew several territorial boundaries within the EmpireRedrew several territorial boundaries within the Empire

William IIIWilliam III• Deposed his father James II Deposed his father James II

during the Glorious Revolutionduring the Glorious Revolution• Ruled with his wife Mary; their Ruled with his wife Mary; their

reign is often called the reign of reign is often called the reign of William and MaryWilliam and Mary

• Spent the majority of his rule Spent the majority of his rule focused on fighting Louis XIV and focused on fighting Louis XIV and keeping the balance of powerkeeping the balance of power

• Stadholder of the Dutch RepublicStadholder of the Dutch Republic

StadholderStadholder

• StadhouderStadhouder was the title of the official leader, or governor, of was the title of the official leader, or governor, of the United Netherlandsthe United Netherlands

• Nederland politics were dominated by the Orange family, as Nederland politics were dominated by the Orange family, as was the office of Stadholderwas the office of Stadholder

Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company

• Vereenigde Oost-Indische Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, est. 1602Compagnie, est. 1602

• First multinational mega-corporation in the world and first to issue a stock

• Was given the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, coin money, and establish colonies

James IJames I

• Became King of Scotland Became King of Scotland following the abdication of Mary following the abdication of Mary Queen of ScotsQueen of Scots

• Became King of England after Became King of England after the last Tudor monarch, the last Tudor monarch, Elizabeth I (1603-1625)Elizabeth I (1603-1625)

• Was not fond of Catholics or Was not fond of Catholics or PuritansPuritans

• Gunpowder Conspiracy of 1605 Gunpowder Conspiracy of 1605 to blow up the House of Lordsto blow up the House of Lords

• New “King James’ Bible”New “King James’ Bible”

• Whiny English Protestants who liked John CalvinWhiny English Protestants who liked John Calvin• Large population emigrated from EnglandLarge population emigrated from England• Settled in Netherlands and New EnglandSettled in Netherlands and New England

• Harsh interpretation of scripture Harsh interpretation of scripture • Very boring peopleVery boring people

• DoneDone

PuritansPuritans(French for Boring)(French for Boring)

Mary Queen of ScotsMary Queen of Scots• Catholic Queen who claimed to Catholic Queen who claimed to

be rightful ruler of Englandbe rightful ruler of England• Married three timesMarried three times• First husband diedFirst husband died• Married her cousin (2Married her cousin (2ndnd husband) husband)• He was mysteriously strangled in He was mysteriously strangled in

the gardenthe garden• Married her second husband’s Married her second husband’s

murderermurderer• Her existence as a Catholic ruler Her existence as a Catholic ruler

during a Protestant reign caused during a Protestant reign caused uprisings across Englanduprisings across England

• Arrested by Elizabeth I, held for Arrested by Elizabeth I, held for 19 years19 years

• Tried and executed for treasonTried and executed for treason

PresbyterianPresbyterian

• OG Puritans in the NetherlandsOG Puritans in the Netherlands• Originated as Calvinists from Originated as Calvinists from

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Believed in the sovereignty of Believed in the sovereignty of

God, the absolute authority of God, the absolute authority of the Scriptures, and grace the Scriptures, and grace through faith in Christthrough faith in Christ

EpiscopalEpiscopal

• The Anglican Church in The Anglican Church in EnglandEngland

• Replaced the Catholic church Replaced the Catholic church as the official Church of as the official Church of EnglandEngland

• Ruled by Bishops and the Ruled by Bishops and the MonarchyMonarchy

• King James BibleKing James Bible, , Book of Book of Common PrayerCommon Prayer, etc., etc.

ImpositionsImpositions

• Not to be confused with Not to be confused with InquisitionsInquisitions

• Tariffs and taxes imposed on Tariffs and taxes imposed on exports and imports by the exports and imports by the monarchs of Englandmonarchs of England

• Designed to regulate trade and Designed to regulate trade and protect domestic industryprotect domestic industry

• Elizabeth I placed these and Elizabeth I placed these and currants and tobaccocurrants and tobacco

• James I extended them to the James I extended them to the majority of all importsmajority of all imports

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

• Voyage of the MayflowerVoyage of the Mayflower• English Pilgrims seeking religious freedomEnglish Pilgrims seeking religious freedom

• ““The First Thanksgiving” was supposedly held hereThe First Thanksgiving” was supposedly held here• Mayflower Compact and Council were the governmentMayflower Compact and Council were the government

Duke of BuckinghamDuke of Buckingham• George VilliersGeorge Villiers• ““favourite” of James Ifavourite” of James I• Questionable contentQuestionable content• Served under both James I and Served under both James I and

Charles ICharles I• Influential in foreign affairs, Influential in foreign affairs,

including expeditions against including expeditions against Spanish ports and fleetsSpanish ports and fleets

• Negotiated with Cardinal Negotiated with Cardinal Richelieu for aid against SpainRichelieu for aid against Spain

• Blamed for many of England’s Blamed for many of England’s troubles during Charles I’s troubles during Charles I’s reignreign

Charles ICharles I

• King of England, Scotland, King of England, Scotland, Ireland, etc. etc.Ireland, etc. etc.

• Spent most of his time fighting Spent most of his time fighting Parliament (literally)Parliament (literally)

• His last years of rule were His last years of rule were marked by the English Civil marked by the English Civil WarWar

• Wanted to invade ScotlandWanted to invade Scotland• Generally ruled without Generally ruled without

Parliament if he couldParliament if he could

Forced LoansForced Loans

• It’s when you force a loan on someone.It’s when you force a loan on someone.

Forced LoansForced Loans

• Charles I used these to try and Charles I used these to try and raise money for his war against raise money for his war against SpainSpain

• Parliament did not like this, and Parliament did not like this, and petitioned against such petitioned against such practicespractices

• Charlie didn’t get his money Charlie didn’t get his money

Petition of RightPetition of Right

• Presented to Charles I by Presented to Charles I by ParliamentParliament

• The King could not levy taxes The King could not levy taxes without the consent of without the consent of ParliamentParliament

• He could not impose martial He could not impose martial law on civilians, imprison law on civilians, imprison without cause, or quarter troops without cause, or quarter troops in their homein their home

• He agreed, but continued to He agreed, but continued to collect taxes without collect taxes without Parliament’s authorizationParliament’s authorization

Ship MoneyShip Money

• Tax implemented by Charles ITax implemented by Charles I• Usually placed on coastal Usually placed on coastal

townstowns• Tax was paid in ships, or in Tax was paid in ships, or in

their equivocal valuetheir equivocal value• Its intention was to raise money Its intention was to raise money

for defense of colonies and for defense of colonies and English coastEnglish coast

• A spark of the English Civil WarA spark of the English Civil War

William LaudWilliam Laud

• Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of Canterbury• Supported Charles ISupported Charles I• Didn’t like Puritans and was Didn’t like Puritans and was

opposed to radical reformopposed to radical reform• Lost his head in the English Lost his head in the English

Civil WarCivil War

John PynnJohn Pynn

• Leader of the Long ParliamentLeader of the Long Parliament• Criticized both James I and Criticized both James I and

Charles ICharles I• Defended the powers of Defended the powers of

ParliamentParliament• Did not like the Star ChamberDid not like the Star Chamber

Short ParliamentShort Parliament

• Summoned by Charles ISummoned by Charles I• First Parliament to be held in First Parliament to be held in

11 years11 years• Charles needed money to fund Charles needed money to fund

a war against Scotlanda war against Scotland• Charles dissolved the Charles dissolved the

parliament after only one month parliament after only one month when he found out that they when he found out that they were going to petition against were going to petition against the warthe war

Long ParliamentLong Parliament

• Summoned by Charles ISummoned by Charles I• Lasted for over ten yearsLasted for over ten years• Redress of grievancesRedress of grievances• Led to English Civil War, Led to English Civil War,

ejection of Cromwell and other ejection of Cromwell and other boring British thingsboring British things

• Cromwell emerged victoriousCromwell emerged victorious

CreditsCredits• Peace of Prague; Peace of Prague; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hradschin_Prag.jpg• Franco-Swedish Intervention; Franco-Swedish Intervention; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lens.jpg• Peace of Westphalia; Peace of Westphalia;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Ratification_of_the_Treaty_of_Munster,_Gerard_Ter_Borch_(1648).jpg• William III; William III; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_William_III_of_England,_(1650-1702).jpg• Stadholder; Stadholder; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antonio_Moro_-_Willem_I_van_Nassau.jpg

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_prins_van_Oranje.jpg • VOC: VOC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anonymous_The_Noord-Nieuwland_in_Table_Bay,_1762.jpg• James I; James I; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg• Mary; Mary; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mary_Stuart_James.jpg• Plymouth Colony; Plymouth Colony; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Landing-Bacon.PNG• Duke of Buckingham; Duke of Buckingham; http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/GeorgeVilliers.jpg• Charles I; Charles I; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charlesx3.JPG• Forced Loans; Forced Loans; http://www.amazon.co.uk/Photographic-CHARLES-DECAPITATED-Mary-Evans/dp/B0025Y5MYI• Petition of Right; http://forquignon.com/history/global/baroque_art/hals_laughingz_cavalier1624.jpg Petition of Right; http://forquignon.com/history/global/baroque_art/hals_laughingz_cavalier1624.jpg • Ship money; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Hampden_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19609.jpgShip money; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Hampden_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_19609.jpg• William Laud; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Laud.jpgWilliam Laud; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Laud.jpg• John Pym; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Pym.jpgJohn Pym; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Pym.jpg• Short Parliament; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons_In_Session.jpgShort Parliament; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons_In_Session.jpg• Long Parliament; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CromwellDissolvingLongParliament.jpg Long Parliament; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CromwellDissolvingLongParliament.jpg