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FIRST STEPS WITH NFC IN ANDROIDPUBBLICATO DA FRANCESCO AZZOLA IN ANDROD, NDEF, NFC, TAG - ON MARCH 8, 2015 - NO COMMENTS

This post describes how to use NFC in Android. The NFC technology stands

for Near Field Communication and you can find the specification at NFC

Forum. In this first post, we will analyse some basic aspects of NFC and we

will describe how we can implement an app in Android that handles NFC

tags.

If you want to experiment NFC, there are several web site where you can

buy NFC with a few euro.

NFC can be used in different situation: we can use it to turn on our Wifi when we are at home or launch task

actions and so on.

We will focus our attention on NDEF data that is a special type of NFC tag.

There are some basic steps we have to follow before using the NFC.

NFC FilterNFC FilterWhen we use NFC tag,, the first thing we want is our app is notified when

we get near a NFC tag. To this purpose we use a intent filter. Android SDK

provides three different filter that we can use with different level of priority:

ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED

ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED

ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED

We focus our attention on ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED, that has the highest level of priority. As said, our

goal is being notified when the smart phone is near a NFC tag and, if we have only this app installed and

capable to handle this NFC tag, we want that the app starts immediately. To do it, we register the filter in the

Manifest.xml:

At line 6 we register our app so that it can be notified with ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED . We can use

different types of filter, in this example (at line 8) we used mime type. In other word when a NFC tag NDEF is

discovered and it has a mime type text/plain then our app will be started. We can filter using several mime

types not only text/pain. We can, moreover, use other type of filters like android:scheme to filter using the

protocol or using a string pattern.

NFC Foreground DispatchNFC Foreground Dispatch

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<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.survivingwithandroid.nfc" > .... <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/> </intent-filter><manifest>

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Filtering with intents works if our app is not in foreground. If our app is running in foreground, it won't be

notified, if move our smart phone near a NFC tag. In this case we have to use a different technique called

NFC Foreground dispatch. The first step is defining in our code the intent filter (as we did in the

manifest.xml):

Now we have to register our filter, and we do it in onResume method, in this way:

We should, also, remember to disable foreground dispatch as soon as the app gets in background and the

best place to do it is in onPause method.

where nfcAdpt is the NFC Adapter.

Handle NFC Using NFCAdapterHandle NFC Using NFCAdapterOnce we created our filters, we have to interact with the NFC component in our smart phone. For this

purpose, we use NfcAdapter, provided by Android SDK. Using this class, we can check, for example, if the

NFC is supported by our smart phone or if the NFC is turned on or off:

NFC Data: PayloadNFC Data: PayloadOnce we know how to handle NFC tag, we want to read the tag content. There are several type of content

defined in NFC specs:

NFC Forum well-known typeMedia-typeAbsolute URINFC Forum external type

Each type has it is own payload. Generally speaking, a NFC NDEF data is composed by a Message. A message

can contain one or more records. Each record is made by an header and a payload (the real information).

By now, if we want to read the data inside a NFC NDEF tag we can use:

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@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... Intent nfcIntent = new Intent(this, getClass()); nfcIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP); nfcPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, nfcIntent, 0); IntentFilter tagIntentFilter = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED); try { tagIntentFilter.addDataType("text/plain"); intentFiltersArray = new IntentFilter[]{tagIntentFilter}; } catch (Throwable t) { t.printStackTrace(); }}

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protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); nfcAdpt.enableForegroundDispatch( this, nfcPendingIntent, intentFiltersArray, null); handleIntent(getIntent()); }

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@Overrideprotected void onPause() { super.onPause(); nfcAdpt.disableForegroundDispatch(this);}

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@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... nfcAdpt = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this); // Check if the smartphone has NFC if (nfcAdpt == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "NFC not supported", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); finish(); } // Check if NFC is enabled if (!nfcAdpt.isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(this, "Enable NFC before using the app", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }}

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Android Text to Speech(TTS)

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RELATED POSTS :

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In the next post, we will describe how to read different NDEF types and how to extract information from the

tag.

If you want to know how to read look at NFC - Read NDEF Tag.

ETICHETTE: ANDROD, NDEF, NFC, TAG

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@Override public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { Log.d("Nfc", "New intent"); getTag(intent); } private void getTag(Intent i) { if (i == null) return ; String type = i.getType(); String action = i.getAction(); List<ndefdata> dataList = new ArrayList<ndefdata>(); if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) { Log.d("Nfc", "Action NDEF Found"); Parcelable[] parcs = i.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES); for (Parcelable p : parcs) { recNumberTxt.setText(String.valueOf(numRec)); NdefRecord[] records = msg.getRecords(); for (NdefRecord record: records) { short tnf = record.getTnf(); // Here we handle the payload } } } }</ndefdata></ndefdata>

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