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Branding 102

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Seminar at Carnegie Mellon Masters of Entertainment Industry Management Program 11/8/13

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WHAT  IS  A  BRAND?  

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IT’S  A  CONCEPT  THAT  GOES  ALL  THE  WAY  BACK  TO  2000  BCE  

 

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AND  TO  OUR  OWN  ANCIENT  HISTORY  

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WHAT  IT’S  NOT    

IS  A    

LOGO!  

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Ceci n’est pas une brand. (This  is  not  a  brand)

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THESE  ARE  NOT  BRANDS  EITHER  

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A  LOGO  IS  A  “SIGN”  WHICH  MEANS  THAT  IT    

STANDS    FOR  SOMETHING  

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A  LOGO  OR  LOGOTYPE    IS  “DESIGN  SPEAK”  FOR  A  TRADEMARK  MADE  

FROM  A  CUSTOM-­‐LETTERED  WORD  AND  CAN  BE  A  SYMBOL,  

MONOGRAM,  EMBLEM  

OR    OTHER  GRAPHIC  DEVICE  

 

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A  BRAND  USED  TO  BE    AN  ASSET    

OWNED  BY  A  COMPANY      

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TODAY,  IT’S  AN  EMOTIONAL    

IMPRESSION  OR    

IDEA  THAT  SURROUNDS  A    UNIQUE  IDENTITY    

FROM    SOAP  TO  CELEBRITY  

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A  BRAND  IS  NOT  A  PRODUCT  

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IT’S  A  PERSON’S  GUT  FEELING  ABOUT  A  PRODUCT,  SERVICE  OR  COMPANY  

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A  BRAND  IS  A  KIND  OF  PLATONIC  IDEAL—A  CONCEPT  SHARED  BY  SOCIETY  TO  IDENTIFY  A  SPECIFIC  CLASS  OF  THINGS  

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THE  WORD  “BRAND”  ORIGINALLY  COMES    FROM  THE  MIDDLE  ENGLISH  TERM    

MEANING    

“TORCH”  

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BRAND  DEFINED?  

LIKE  ITS  NAMESAKE,    A  BRAND  CAN  EITHER    

LIGHT    THE  WAY    

FOR  CUSTOMERS  TO  SOLVE  A  PROBLEM  OR  

SHINE    A  HIGHLIGHT  ON  VALUE  

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OR    …it  can  be  exSnguished  by  a  lack  of  oxygen  

 

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BRAND  HAS  BEEN  DEFINED  IN  MANY  WAYS  

•  As  a  promise  that  consumers  believe  in  •  An  image  in  the  consumer’s  mind  •  An  essence  that  has  social  &  cultural  relevance  •  An  iden7ty  that  can  evoke  an  emoSonal  response  

•  A  defini7on  of  what  a  product  stands  for  •  A  sign  or  “mark”  that  has  meaning  •  A  design  that  encourages  trust  

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 IN  THIS  “AGE  OF  PERSUASION’  A  BRAND  IS  

COMPLEX  AND  CAN  BE:  AN  IMAGE  A  BADGE  

OR  A  WORD  IN  THE  MIND    

 

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THE  EVOLUTION  OF  CURRENCY  MIRRORS  

è   è  è  

THE  EVOLUTION  OF    TRUST  

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...AND  TRUST  IS  THE  BEDROCK  OF  MODERN  BRANDING  

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A  BRAND  HAS  

EQUITY  

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It  can  be  safely  said  that  Coca-­‐Cola’s  total  market  value  is  more  an  emo$onal  quanSty,  than  a  physical  one.      Hard  assets  like  bocling  plants,  trucks,  raw  materials,  and  buildings  are  not  as  important  to  Coke—or  Wall  Street,  for  that  macer—as  the  consumer  goodwill  that  exists  around  the  world  toward  the  brand.                    Bedbury  2002  

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Coke’s  Market  Cap  including  brand  value:  $120  Billion  

Without  the  brand,  Coke’s  Glass  Would  be  Half  Empty  

Coke’s  Market  Cap  Not  including  Brand  Value:  $50  Billion  

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BRAND  DIFFERENTIATION  

How  is  it  accomplished?  

                   

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 By  acaching  a  powerful  IDEA  to  a  brand  

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THE  BRAND  STORY  

 The  brand  narra;ve    should  serve  to    personalize  it.  

 

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My  image  is  a  statement  of  the  symbols  of  the  harsh,  impersonal  products  and  brash  materialisSc  objects  on  which  America  is  built  today.  It  is  a  projecSon  of  everything  that  can  be  bought  and  sold,  the  pracScal  impermanent  symbols  that  sustain  us.                      Andy  Warhol  

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ADVERTISING  DEFINED  From  the  La;n,    “To  Turn  Toward”  

 

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   ……is  

 •   ONE  SUBSET  OF  MARKETING  

•   THE  ACT  OF  BRINGING  A  PRODUCT  OR                    SERVICE  TO  THE  PUBLIC’S  ATTENTION  

•  AND  OFTEN  USING  PAID  ANNOUNCEMENTS  OR    

         COMMERCIALS    

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We  receive  a  bombardment  of  3000-­‐5000  media  messages  daily  

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MARKETING  DEFINED  

From  the  La;n,  “TO  BUY”,    markeSng  refers  to  all  or  part  of  the  PROCESS  

of:  

èCONCEIVING  èPROMOTING  èDISTRIBUTING  èSELLING  A  PRODUCT                        OR  SERVICE  

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THE  TRANSFORMED  MEDIA  AND    MARKETING  LANDSCAPE  

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THE  4  KEY  TRANSFORMERS  

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»   INTERACTIVITY  »     PERSONALIZATION  »     IMMEDIACY  »     COMMUNITY  

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INTERACTIVITY  

•  Audience  members,  consumers,  clients,  prospecSve  customers  are  all  now  called  “users”    

•  The  expected  experience  is  no  longer  the  lean-­‐back  one  of  the  television  living  room,  but  lean-­‐forward  of  PC,  tablet  &  mobile  

•  Users  expect  to  have  a  say  &  the  ability  to  interact  with  &  manipulate  her  or  his  personal  media  environment  

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PERSONALIZATION  

•  From  MySpace  to  iPhone  to  Facebook  &  LinkedIn  Profiles,  digital  media  is  now  super-­‐charged  with  the  capability  of  incorporaSng  the  INDIVIDUAL  &  the  PERSONAL    

•  From  branding  &  iconography  to  collaboraSve  filtering,  CHOICE  &  having  OPTIONS  are  the  way  of  the  digital  world    

•  This  feature  has  brought  the  issue  of  personal  PRIVACY  to  the  forefront  of  public  &  media  policy    

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IMMEDIACY  •  The  web  offers  INSTANT  GRATIFICATION  that  can  be  addicSve  from  enhanced,  INSTANTANEOUS  shopping  experiences  like  Amazon’s  “one-­‐click”  buy  bucon  to  streaming  media  of  sites  like  Nemlix.com  and  Hulu.com    

•  YouTube  streaming  now  accounts  for  one  fourth  of  the  Web’s  daily  traffic  has  made  NET  NEUTRALITY  another  major  issue  confronSng  law  makers  and  media  giants  

•  Twicer  is  now  a  major  source  of  breaking  news  with  2500  TWEETS  PER  SECOND  ½  BILLION  TWEETS  A  DAY  

•  GPS  and  GEOLOCATION  services  have  transformed  the  mobile  phone  into  a  community  device  &  data  goldmine  

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COMMUNITY  •  The  SPECIALIZATION  of  human  experience  is  now  capable  of  being  web  channeled  into  affiniSes  of  every  special  interest  imaginable  

•  Through  the  power  of  NETWORKING,  like-­‐minded  individuals  can  find  each  other  by  just  a  click-­‐through  in  a  search  window,  a  “friend”  or  a  “follow”  

•  These  COMMUNITIES  also  relate  to  business  interests  &  can  be  linked  together  via  corporate  or  brand  “networks”  &  can  be  leveraged  for  ongoing  distribuSon  of  content,  offers,  press  releases,  etc.    

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TWO  KEY  MEDIA  TRENDS  

✔ THE  SHIFT  IN  MEDIA  DISTRIBUTION    

✔ THE  COMING  GENERATIONAL  SHIFT  

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THE  DISTRIBUTION  SHIFT  •  Peer-­‐to-­‐peer  &  social  network  sharing  to  crowd  sourcing  &  user  generated  content,  distribuSon  once  in  the  hands  of  media  companies  is  now  run  by  “user  distributors”  

•   The  trend  is  toward  distributed  authority  of  the  flat  organizaSonal  model  where  decision-­‐making  authority  is  at  the  edge  &  an  example  of  corporate  reacSon  to  this  new  empowerment  of  the  individual  

•  Even  savvy  companies  like  Amazon,  Pizza  Hut,  BP  have  been  caught  up  in  the  grassfire  of  negaSve  blogging  campaigns  &  have  evolved  the  corporate  blog  as  pre-­‐emp;ve  brand  strategy    

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GENERATIONAL  SHIFT  

•  ConvenSonal  wisdom  says  the  dominant  forces  that  will  transform  media  &  markeSng  will  come  from  the  introducSon  of  new  technologies  &  changes  in  the  means  of  distribu;on  

•  The  most  powerful  transformaSve  agent  of  change  will  be  a  coming  genera;onal  shiQ    

•  Now  evident  in  the  advent  of  mulS-­‐tasking,  social  media  &  mobile  adopSon,  the  dominance  of  short-­‐form  video  formats  

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What  is  social?  

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IF  YOU  GOOGLE  “SOCIAL”    

2  BILLION  RESULTS  

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WHAT  IS  “SOCIALE”?        Borrowed  from  the  LaSn  via  Middle  French    and  routed  in  the  Mother  Tongue  it  originally    

meant  “united  or  living  with  others”    or  “companion”  

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“TO  FOLLOW”…  

The  LaSn  root  of  social  is  sequi  which  means  “to  follow.”    So,  here  in  a  nutshell  is  where  the  Twicer  transiSve  verb,  “to  follow”,  finds  its  first  use.  If  we  search  sSll  further,  we  come  upon  its  link  to  the  Old  Icelandic  seggr  meaning  “companion  or  man”…    and  ulSmately  to  the  mother  tongue  load  in  Sanskrit  where,  as  sakha,  it  simply  means  “friend”  

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IN  THE  FUTURE  WE  WILL  ALL  HAVE    15+  “FRIENDS”  

Andy  Warhol  did  not  say  that.  But  here,  we  arrive  at  root  origin  of  the  Facebook  transiSve  verb,  “to  friend”,  closing  the  loop  of  a  word  that  we  use  everyday  to  describe  the  expanding  communicaSon  ripples  that  bind,  link,  and  otherwise  connect  us  with  a  click…  

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MARKETING  BACKGROUND  

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CONSUMER  DRIVEN  MARKETING  Content  is  sSll  king  and  the  driving  force  behind  markeSng  tools.    But,  today’s  dominant  model  adds  consumer  power  to  tradiSonal  markeSng  creaSng:    

Ø   LOWER  COST  FOR  OUTREACH  Ø   MORE  AUTHENTICITY  Ø   MORE  EFFICIENCIES  Ø   ONGOING  CUSTOMER  RELATIONSHIP                  VS.  BRAND  “PUSH”  

 Or  as  David  Ogilvy  once  said:    

“The  consumer  isn’t  a  moron.  She  is  your  wife.”  

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DIGITAL  MARKETING  BENEFITS  

•  Digital  Channels  generate  Informa$on  that  can  be  used  for  more  dynamic  brand  management  

•  Digital  Immediacy  enables  companies  to  be  more  responsive  to  consumers  &  the  marketplace  

•  Viral  aspect  of  New  Media  allows  reaching  audiences  faster  &  more  efficiently  

•  Virality  means  digital  reach  not  necessarily  correlated  with  ad  spend  

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OTHER  DIGITAL  MARKETING  BENEFITS  

•  Compelling  Content  allows  marketers  to  Interact  with  far  more  customers  than  can  be  afforded  by  tradiSonal  media    

•  Digital  Channels  allow  Direct  Dialogue  &  conversaSon  with  Customers  

•  Yields  more  &  becer  tuned  Informa$on  about  consumers  needs  and  preferences    

•  Customer  Engagement  is  more  powerful  when  they  are  parScipants  with  the  brand    

•  Analy$cs  &  Op$miza$on  reduce  latency,  inefficiencies  in  markeSng  programs  

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WORD  OF  MOUTH  MARKETING  WOM  used  to  be  “person-­‐to-­‐person”.    Now,  it’s  community-­‐driven  and  requires  markeSng  tacScs  that:    •  Make  friends  among  the  talkers  •  Finds  out  what  they’re  talking  about  •  Gives  them  topics  to  talk  more  about  •  USlize  the  best  tools  to  convey  the  message    •  Listen  to,  then  allow  the  brand  to  join  in  the  conversaSon  •  Track  what  customers  are  saying  about  the  company    •  Are  responsive  &  provide  constant,  expanding  value  •  Are  REAL  

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TRADITIONAL  PURCHASE  STAGES  

• TV,  RADIO  • OUT-­‐OF-­‐DOOR  • DIRECT  MAIL  • BROCHURE  • PRODUCT  TEST  • COMPARISON  • IN-­‐STORE  PURCHASE  • REWARD  POINTS  

 

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NETWORKED  PURCHASE  STAGES  

• SEARCH    • PRODUCT  BUZZ    • BLOGS  • ONLINE  RESEARCH    • PEER  REVIEWS  • YOUTUBE  VIDEO  • MASHUPS  

 

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THE  NEW  PURCHASE  FUNNEL  

• ADVOCACY  • LOYALTY  • ACTION  • PREFERENCE  • CONSIDERATION  • AWARENESS  • VALUE  

 

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THE  BRAND  PLATFORM  •  Chief  strategic  objecSve  is  to  build  an  integrated  brand  plamorm  

that  combines  tradi;onal  PR  and  outreach  with  best  of  breed  digital  markeSng  tacScs.  

 •  The  plamorm  integrates  key  corporate  funcSons  and  processes  

using  technology  to  idenSfy  and  aggregate  in  one  place  all  interacSons  with  customers,  prospects,  and  media  outlets.  

 •  The  goal  of  the  plamorm  is  to  find  out  who  is  talking  about  the  

company  or  topics  close  to  it,  and  get  informaSon  to  people  in  the  company  to  take  appropriate  acSon.  

•  The  addiSon  of  a  social  media  plamorm  as  part  of  the  overall  brand  plamorm  is  a  relaSvely  recent  addiSon  to  corporate  technology  infrastructure.  

   

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TWITTER  VISUALIZED  

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THE  BIRDS  AND  THE  BEES  DO  IT  

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IDENTIFY  OPTIMAL  CHANNELS  

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BUILDING  THE  “NETWORK”    ObjecSve  is  to  develop  cross  plamorm  communicaSons  and  markeSng  “pipeline”  that  can  be  uSlized  on  an  ongoing  basis  (as  opposed  to  tradiSonal  ad  hoc/event-­‐oriented  PR  approach):    •  IDENTIFY  INDUSTRY/TRADE  INFLUENCERS  (uSlizing  Visible  

Technologies,  Radian6,  Buzzlogic  type  applicaSons)  •  IDENTIFY  KEY  AFFINITY  GROUPS  •  CONNECT  THROUGH  SOCIAL  MEDIA  CHANNELS  •  CONTRIBUTE  COMMENTARY  TO  CONVERSATION  •  CONTRIBUTE  VALUABLE  CONTENT  •  INTEGRATE  DIGITAL  MEDIA  WITH  REAL  WORLD  EVENTS,  

PR,  MARKETING  EFFORTS  

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BRAND  REPUTATION  MANAGEMENT  Monitor  search  engines  and  social  media  for  negaSve  brand  menSons  and  respond:  PROACTIVE  GOALS:    •  CreaSve  posiSve  content  in  search  engines,  social  media  &  related  channels  to  keep  posiSve  brand  content  creaSon  as  an  ongoing  effort  

REACTIVE  GOALS:    •  Monitor  for  negaSve  menSons  •  IdenSfy  &  report  negaSve  content  &  Creators  •  Respond,  comment/counter  comment  

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“THE  FUTURE  IS  THE  FUTURE  IS  THE  PRESENT.”      MARSHALL  MCLUHAN  

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WHAT  GETS  MEASURED,  GETS  DONE.                    Old  Business  Saying  

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Just  because  you  can  measure  it  doesn’t  mean  it  macers.                  Oliver  Blanchard                  Measuring  Social  ROI  

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MEASUREMENT  

What  are  criScal  deliverables?    

Key  Performance  Indicators:    

•  Growth  Rate  of  New  Customers  •  Growth  Rate  by  Month  •  Growth  of  InsStuSonal  Investment  •  Seasonal  Growth  •  Effect  of  Media  Choices  on  Monthly  Growth  Rate  •  Impact  of  Messaging    •  Impact  of  Original  Content  on  Growth  

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24Apr$

44Apr$

64Apr$

84Apr$

104Apr$

124Apr$

144Apr$

164Apr$

184Apr$

204Apr$

224Apr$

$Pages$Indexed$(Cum)$

$Messages$Sent$(Cum)$

$iTunes$Rank$

“LINCOLN” CAMPAIGN GROWTH"

iTunes ranking compared to broadcast spots and pages indexed!

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ANALYTICS  

         Key  analyScs:  • Data  Captured  • Email  Addresses  • Mobile  Phone  #’s    • Snailmail  Addresses  • Sales  Leads  • Brand  Awareness  

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THERE  ARE  1349  CAMERAS  ON  THE  MARKET.      

HOW  DO  YOU  DECIDE  WHICH  ONE  TO  BUY?  

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FREUD  ON  MAD  AVE  

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SAY  “HELLO”  TO  NEUROMARKETING  

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THE  FUTURE  IN  SHORT  IS  fMRI  

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YOU  ARE  THE  DATA  

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HAVE  A  NICE  DAY!  

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Acknowledgements    

Marty  Neumeier  Marshall  McLuhan  Patrick  Renvoise  &  Christophe  Morin  Paddy  Spinks  &  Nick  Turner  Elizabeth  Gebhardt  Relishmix.com  Buzcast.com  Mediablitzz  Keith  Boesky