VERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

1. FISH• Fish are aquatic vertebrates that can live in salt

water and fresh water.• They have fins.• The body is covered by scales.• They breathe through gills.• They have swim bladder. It’s a sac of gas to stay

afloat.• TYPES OF FISH:– Bony fish: They have a bony skeleton. Ex: Sardine,

tuna, hake.– Cartilaginous fish: They have a cartilaginous skeleton.

Ex: Sharks, rays and manta rays.

PARTS OF A BONY FISH

2. AMPHIBIANS• Amphibians are vertebrates capable of living in terrestrial and

humid environments.• They usually have four limbs.• They often have webbed feet.• They are ectotherms.• They breathe through lungs, gills and skin.TYPES OF AMPHIBIANS:• Anura: They don’t have a tail. Ex: Frog, toad.• Urodela: They have a tail. Ex: Salamander, newt.

3. REPTILES• Reptiles are vertebrates animals which live on land, but some

live in water.• They always have a tail.• They have four limbs. (except snakes)• The skin is covered by scales.• They breathe through lungs.• They are cold-blooded.• TYPES OF REPTILES• Turtles: They have aq shell.• Lizards: Ex: Iguanas, Chameleons• Snakes: They don’t have legs. They can be are poisonous.• Crocodiles: They are the biggest reptiles.

4. BIRDS• Birds are flying vertebrates. They can live on the ground or on

water.• They have two limbs called wings.• They have hollow and light bones.• They have a corneus beak.• The body is covered with feathers.• The lungs have some extensions called air sacs. The air sacs

help them to fly and breathe.• They are endothermic.TYPES OF BIRDSPerching birds, fowl, running birds, swimming birds, wading birds

and birds of prey.

5. MAMMALS• They have four limbs adapted to fly,swim,run…• The skin is covered by hair or fur.• Most of them are viviparous.• They are endothermal.• They breathe through lungs.• Females feed their babies through their mammary glands.TYPES OF MAMMALS• Monotremes: They are oviparous. Ex: platypus, echidna.• Marsupials: The babies develop inside the marsupium. Ex:

kangaroo, koala bear.• Placental mammals: The embryo develops in the mother’s

uterus. Ex: cat, dog, human being.

VERTEBRATES

BONY

CARTILAGINOUS

WITH TAILS

WITHOUT TAILS

TURTLES

LIZARDS

SNAKES

CROCODILES

PERCHING

FOWL

UNGULATES

CARNIVORES

CETACEANSSWIMMING

RUNNERS

BIRDS OF PREY

WADING

PRIMATES