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MODALS PERFECT INFINITIVES
Modal Perfect Infinitives• These modal verbs refer to the past.• Sometimes describe unreal situations
Obligation/ Prohibition
• To express obligation(with modal perfect infinitives) we will use SHOULD instead of Must
- You should have taken my advice seriously. Now you are in big trouble.
• To express prohibition. We will use SHOULDN’T instead of MUSTN’T
- You shouldn’t have answered in such a way. You even made her cry.
Certainty• We will use MUST when we are sure
that something has happened.- She must have missed her train.
She’s always in time.- She must have overslept.- She must have been a good
teacher.
Certainty• When we are sure about something
which is IMPOSSIBLE.- She can’t have broken your
pencilcase. She is always very careful with other people’s things.
- It can’t have been my dog. He is adorable.