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NNAS Bronze Training Course
316 (Leigh) Squadron
ATC
June 2007
Syllabus
► Maps► Map Symbols, Scales► Grid References► Compass► Orienting the Map
(facing the right way)
► Navigating Using Linear Features (following lines)
► Judging Distances► Relocation
(getting “found” after getting “lost”)
► Plan a Walk► Country Code & Right to Roam
Maps
Example Map
What is a map
►A Map is a flat representation of a lumpy surface
►It provides an approximate plan of an area
Some things are not shown
Some things are lumped together
Some things are bigger than they really are
Local Map
Maps Symbols and Scales
Railways
Land features
Water Features
Roads
Rocks and Heights
Paths and Footpaths
Boundaries and Antiquities(edges and old stuff)
Tourist Information
Scales
► A map is smaller than the area it represents
► Therefore a distance on the map presents a bigger distance in real life
► OS Landranger
1:50,000 1cm = 0.5 km or 2cm 1 km
► OS Outdoor leisure
1:25,000 1cm = 0.25km or 2cm 0.5km or 4cm = 1km
► Herveys
1:40,000 1cm = 0.4km or 2cm 0.8km or 2.5 cm = 1km
Grid References
Grid References
Orientating the Map
Pointing the right way
Why do it?
► Make it easier to work out where you’re going
► Check you’re where you think you are
► Two ways
With compass
Looking at ground around you
Orienting the map to the terrain
Navigating Linear Features
What is a Linear Feature?
► Path, Road
► Edge of a wood or forest
► Lake or sea shore, river, stream or canal
► Ridge
► Pylons, fences, pipelines
Using a linear feature
► Walk along it!
►But…
Check your direction with the compass and map
Work out when to leave the feature
Judging Distances
On a Map
► 1:50,000 scale 1 cm = 0.5 km 2 cm = 1 km (each grid square is 2 cm/1 km)
► 1:25,000 scale 1 cm = 0.25 km 2 cm = 0.5 km 3 cm = 0.75 km 4 cm = 1 km (each grid square is 4 cm/1 km)
► You can… Measure (ruler, compass edge, etc. hard but accurate) Count grid squares (quick and easy but inaccurate)
In Real Life
► Use features that are known lengths or distances
Points on the map that are easily identifiable
E.g. I know the road is 3 km long, the bridge is half way a long, so it’s 1.5 km
► Scale up from distances you know
Football field, hockey pitch, length of your street
It’s about 5 time further than the end of my street. My street is 100m long, so it is about 0.5 km away
In Real Life…
Relocation
Or the opposite of getting lost…
Getting Lost
► Everyone does it…
►Trick is to recognise when you are lost!
► Suspect you are lost when…
You’ve not at an expected check point when you expected to see it
What you’re seeing doesn’t match what’s on the map
You’re walking downhill instead of uphill or vice versa
You’re not walking in the right compass direction
Relocating
► Gather information
How long since the last known position?
►Lets you work out how far you might have moved
What compass direction did we walk?
What features can we see?
► Slopes, rivers, hills, forests, roads, bridges, buildings?
What distinguishing features will help me recognise where I am?
►Sharp bends, shape of forests
What bearing are these features from me?
Confirming Position
Once you have an idea where you might, you need a plan. Choice are:
1. Carry on, but check that the map and terrain now match up
2. Move towards a clear feature (e.g. road) for easier navigation
3. Retrace your steps back to your last known position
Planning a Route
Route Planning Questions
► Where do I start and where do I finish?
► How will I navigate the route? Any linear features to help?
Any significant landmarks
► What will the terrain be like? Too much climbing slows you down and tires you out
Swamps, cliffs, loose rocks, etc. make walking difficult
Navigating through forests is hard
► Is there any thing I want to see on the way?
► How long will it take?
Distance 1.55 kmClimb 129mDescent 76 mTime 1:31 hrs
Distance 2.75 kmClimb 98 mDescent 40 mTime 1:44 hrs
The longer route only takes 13 minutes more despite being 1.2 km longer.Most direct is not always the fastest way to go.
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