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PRESENTATION
in
HUMANITIES 2
(LOGIC)
INVERSION
Short Review:What is CONVERSION?
-it is restraining the truth of the proposition by interchanging the subject and the predicate of the original proposition w/out over extending the quantity or either of the term.
What is OBVERSION?
- is a method of re-expressing truth by changing the quality of the copula so that the affirmative is rendered negative and the negative is rendered affirmative.
What is CONTRA POSITION?
- is a combination of conversion and obversion.
It has a interchangeable subject and predicate.
What is Inversion?
-it is the opposite of
obversion for it uses the
contradictory of the original
subject.
There are TWO (2) types of inversion.
1. First type is called PARTIAL or SIMPLE inversion. The quality is changed , but the predicate is the same as in the original proposition.
2. Second type is called COMPLETE inversion. The quality is unchanged, but the predicate is the contradictory of the original predicate.
Both types consist in the formulation of a new proposition whose subject is the contradictory of the original proposition.
The original proposition is called
the invertend, the new proposition the inverse, and the
process itself inversion.
Steps in Inversion
Simple or Partial
Proposition New proposition.
Subject Use the contradictory of the subject .
Copula Change
Predicate Put the original predicate.
Proposition New Proposition.
Subject Use the contradictory of the subject.
Copula Do not change.
Predicate Use the contradictory of the predicate.
Complete
Models of Inversion
Model in Type 1 (PARTIAL or SIMPLE)
A to O
I to E
A (Affirmative & either universal or singular )
O (Negative & particular)
I (Affirmative & Particular)
E (Negative & Universal or Singular)
NOTE:
Models in Type 2 (COMPLETE)
A to I
E to O
A (Affirmative & either universal or singular )
I (Affirmative & Particular)
E (Negative & Universal or Singular)
O (Negative & particular)
NOTE:
Another type is the OBSERVE of Type 1,
and is therefore sometimes called the “obverted inverse,” as opposed to Type 1
which is called the “simple inverse”.
Examples!!
If you subject an A proposition to the following processes, you
finally get its inverse.
INVERTEND: A. Every S is a P. (“Every cat is an animal.”)
Obvert to: E. No S is a non-P. (“No cat is a non-animal.”)
Convert to: E. No non-P is an S. (“No non-animal is a cat.”)
Obvert to: A. Every non-P is a non-S. (“Every non-animal
is a non-cat”)
Convert to: I. Some non-S is a non-P. (“Some non-cat is non-animal”) => This is inverse, Type 2
Obvert to: O. Some non-S is not a P. (“Some non-cat is not an animal.”) => This is inverse, Type 1
If you subject an E proposition to the following processes, you finally get its inverse. Note that you must convert
first and then obvert.
INVERTEND: E. no S is P. (“No cat is a dog.”)
Convert to: E. No P is an S. (“No dog is a cat.”)
Obvert to: A. Every P is a non-S. (“Every dog is a non- cat.”)
Convert to: I. Some non-S is a P. (“Some non-cat is a dog”) => This is inverse, Type 1
Obvert to: O. Some non-S is non-P. (“Some non-cat is not a non-dog.”) => This is inverse, Type 2
Remember:
The value of studying
inversion lies principally in
the facility it gives us in
recognizing quantitative
relationship of the subject
and predicate. ^-^
The END!!
Submitted by:Group 8
Leader: Orlaine Gamilla
Secretary: Jelyan Garanganao
Members:
Hanjie Sales
Carmela Joy Serantes
Jenalyn Villarosa
Submitted to:Mr. Ursecio Inodeo
For
Watching!!