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Chapter 12:Chapter 12:
The American CaseThe American CaseTerrorism in the United StatesTerrorism in the United States
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Origins of the Civil Rights MovementOrigins of the Civil Rights Movement
Equality for African Americans in the South.Equality for African Americans in the South. Concept: Collective non-violence.Concept: Collective non-violence.
The Rise of Black PowerThe Rise of Black Power
Reaction to violence directed against nonviolent civil Reaction to violence directed against nonviolent civil rights movement.rights movement.
Political independence, economic self-sufficiency, Political independence, economic self-sufficiency, and cultural reawakening.and cultural reawakening.Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Growth of the New LeftGrowth of the New Left
Arose in mid-1960s.Arose in mid-1960s. Concept: Direct action.Concept: Direct action. Military-industrial complex.Military-industrial complex. Counterculture.Counterculture. Case: Students for Democratic Society.Case: Students for Democratic Society.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
New Left TerrorismNew Left Terrorism
Generational rebellion.Generational rebellion. Case: Weatherman organization.Case: Weatherman organization. Case: Symbionese Liberation Army.Case: Symbionese Liberation Army.
Ethnonationalist Terrorism on the LeftEthnonationalist Terrorism on the Left
Few violent nationalist movements.Few violent nationalist movements. Case: Black Liberation ArmyCase: Black Liberation Army Case: Puerto Rican Independencistas and the FALN.Case: Puerto Rican Independencistas and the FALN.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Leftist Hard CoresLeftist Hard Cores
May 19 Communist Organization.May 19 Communist Organization. New African Freedom Fighters.New African Freedom Fighters. United Freedom Front.United Freedom Front.
Single-Issue ViolenceSingle-Issue Violence
Groups who focus on one issue to the exclusion of others.Groups who focus on one issue to the exclusion of others. Cases: Animal Liberation front and Earth Liberation Front.Cases: Animal Liberation front and Earth Liberation Front.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Religious Politics and the “Christian Right”Religious Politics and the “Christian Right”
Mostly Protestant fundamentalists.Mostly Protestant fundamentalists. Links strict Christian values to political agendas.Links strict Christian values to political agendas.
Rise of the Anti-Government PatriotsRise of the Anti-Government Patriots
Consider themselves to be the true heirs of the Consider themselves to be the true heirs of the ideals of the framers of the U.S. Constitution.ideals of the framers of the U.S. Constitution.
Radical distrust of government.Radical distrust of government. Many “New World Order” conspiracy theories.Many “New World Order” conspiracy theories.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Racial SupremacyRacial Supremacy
Rooted in historical racial policies and culture.Rooted in historical racial policies and culture. Organized supremacist groups include the Ku Klux Organized supremacist groups include the Ku Klux
Klan and neo-Nazi movements.Klan and neo-Nazi movements.
Racial MysticismRacial Mysticism
Incorporation of mystical quality to racial supremacy.Incorporation of mystical quality to racial supremacy. Cases:Cases:
The Creativity movement.The Creativity movement. Asatru.Asatru.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
The Christian Identity MythThe Christian Identity Myth
Americanized strain of 18Americanized strain of 18thth-century Anglo--century Anglo-Israelism.Israelism.
One-seedline Christian Identity.One-seedline Christian Identity. Two-Seedline Christian Identity.Two-Seedline Christian Identity.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
The Legacy of the Ku Klux KlanThe Legacy of the Ku Klux Klan
Uniquely American racist organization.Uniquely American racist organization. Ritualistic, fraternity-like, and religious Ritualistic, fraternity-like, and religious
symbolism.symbolism. Five eras of the KKK.Five eras of the KKK.
Neo-Nazi TerrorismNeo-Nazi Terrorism
American version of Nazism.American version of Nazism. Mystical beliefs combined with racial supremacy.Mystical beliefs combined with racial supremacy. Racial Holy War (RAHOWA).Racial Holy War (RAHOWA). Case: The OrderCase: The Order
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Patriot ThreatsPatriot Threats
Concepts: Leaderless resistance and phantom Concepts: Leaderless resistance and phantom cells.cells.
Case: The Oklahoma City bombing.Case: The Oklahoma City bombing.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Case: The Oklahoma City BombingCase: The Oklahoma City Bombing
An “act of war” by Timothy McVeigh.An “act of war” by Timothy McVeigh. A devotee of the extremist Patriot movement.A devotee of the extremist Patriot movement. A believer in New World Order conspiracies.A believer in New World Order conspiracies.
Symbolism of April 19, 1995.Symbolism of April 19, 1995. 220220thth anniversary of the American Revolution anniversary of the American Revolution
battles of Lexington and Concord.battles of Lexington and Concord. Second anniversary of the assault on the Branch Second anniversary of the assault on the Branch
Davidian cult’s compound in Waco, Texas.Davidian cult’s compound in Waco, Texas.Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Moralist TerrorismMoralist Terrorism
Mostly anti-abortion and anti-gay violence.Mostly anti-abortion and anti-gay violence. Case: Army of GodCase: Army of God Case: Phineas Priesthood.Case: Phineas Priesthood.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
The Spillover Effect in the United StatesThe Spillover Effect in the United States
Operations by international terrorists.Operations by international terrorists. Cases: Omega 7. IRA. Jewish Defense League.Cases: Omega 7. IRA. Jewish Defense League.
The New Terrorism in the United StatesThe New Terrorism in the United States
World Trade Center attacks.World Trade Center attacks. Presence of support organizations for jihadist Presence of support organizations for jihadist
movements abroad.movements abroad. Case: September 11, 2001Case: September 11, 2001
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Case: September 11, 2001Case: September 11, 2001
World Trade Center and Pentagon symbolized World Trade Center and Pentagon symbolized American and Western power.American and Western power.
Carried out by 19 Al Qaeda terrorists on a Carried out by 19 Al Qaeda terrorists on a suicidal “martyrdom mission.”suicidal “martyrdom mission.”
Done in response to perceived domination and Done in response to perceived domination and exploitation of Muslim countries.exploitation of Muslim countries.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016