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Solving Problems using Current and
Future Reality Trees
Starting at 1845 – grab some Pizza!
Introductions
Laz Allen Suzanne Morrison
https://www.linkedin.com/in/suzannem
@SuzanneMorrison
https://www.linkedin.com/in/lazallen
@LazAllen
Agile Coaches at Skyscanner
Objectives
+ PRACTISE!!
“Any improvement is a change, but not every change is an improvement”
Eli Goldratt
Goldratt’s Books
FOCUS & LEVERAGE
For continuous improvement
Other References
Theory of Constraints
1. Optimise the whole system, not individual parts
2. Optimise for throughput of value before work in progress and cost
3. There will be ONE (or few) constraint, cause, tension causing most of the problems
TOC Thinking Processes
3 Questions
To solve a problem you need to ask 3 Questions
1. What to change?
2. What to change to?
3. How to change?
Goldratt’s TOC Thinking Processes
Goldratt’s TOC Thinking Processes
Frustrations are high
Current Reality Trees(what to change)
UDEs
Undesirable Effects (UDEs)
Undesirable Effects (UDEs)
“An UDE is essentially the first indication you have that something might beamiss in the system. It is something that really exists and is negative on its ownmerits.” – William Dettmer, The Logical Thinking Processes, 2007
UDEs
Examples of UDEs
“Employee morale is low”
“Attrition is increasing”
“We’re not getting our products in front of the customer fast enough”
“Decreasing profit”
“We’re not hiring fast enough”
UDEs Exercise
Exercise – Undesirable Effects (UDEs)
Read the description of the “Team from Hell”. What undesirable effects do you see here?
5 minutes – We’ll split into groups to brainstorm then come back to share
Current Reality Trees
Current Reality Trees (CRTs)
Undesirable Effects (UDEs)
Root Causes
Intermediate Effects
Current Reality Trees
CRT – Example
Current Reality Trees
CRT – Example
Current Reality Trees
CRT – Example
The speakers have water in them
Current Reality Trees
CRT – Example
The speakers have water in them
Current Reality Trees
CRT – Example
The speakers have water in them
CRT Exercise
CRT Exercise
We’re going to revisit the “Team from Hell” example from earlier.
Build the CRT using the information in the handout
• Start from the UDEs and work your way down.• Once you’ve built the tree, practice reading a branch from top to
bottom and from bottom to top.
Team from Hell
Example Tree
Skyscanner Example
Facilitation – things to consider
Facilitation
• Size of the group• Blame• The power of reading the tree aloud
Correlation v Cause and Effect
Correlation vs Cause and Effect
Correlation v Cause and Effect
Source - http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
Future Reality Trees(what to change to)
Injections
Injections
“An injection is a new condition or action that does not exist in the current reality. It is something you must make happen in order for the future reality to unfold the way you want it to”
Future Reality Trees
Future Reality Trees
Desirable Effects
Injections
Intermediate Effects
FRT Exercise
FRT Exercise
Get back into your groups and look at the CRT from earlier.
(1) What would the desirable effects be in the FRT?(2) Can you think about any possible injections to address the root causes?
Team from Hell
5 minutes – We’ll split into groups to brainstorm then come back to share
Negative Branches
Negative Branches
New Injection
Negative Branch Exercise
Negative Branch Exercise
Think about one of your injections and write down a possible negative branch for that injection (no need to trim it). Team
from Hell
Quick Quiz
Quick Quiz
Write down the answers to the following questions:
Q1. What tool should you use to decide what to change?a) Transition treeb) Current Reality Treec) Future Reality Treed) Negative branch reservation
Q3. What is an Injection?a) A solutionb) A policyc) A possible solutiond) Something painful
Q4. Which 2 statements are TRUE?a) CRTs should have at least 6 layersb) The arrows on a CRT represent cause and effectc) The ellipse can be used to represent an AND
between two or more causes and an effectd) UDEs are negative things that have happened in
the past
Q2. How should you start building a CRT?a) Start with the biggest problem and work downwardsb) List all the undesirable effects (UDEs)c) Map out the flowd) Think of the worst thing that can happen
Quick Quiz
Quick Quiz - AnswersTa da!
Q1. What tool should you use to decide what to change?a) Transition treeb) Current Reality Treec) Future Reality Treed) Negative branch reservation
Q3. What is an Injection?a) A solutionb) A policyc) A possible solutiond) Something painful
Q4. Which 2 statements are TRUE?a) CRTs should have at least 6 layersb) The arrows on a CRT represent cause and effectc) The ellipse can be used to represent an AND
between two or more causes and an effectd) UDEs are negative things that have happened in
the past
Q2. How should you start building a CRT?a) Start with the biggest problem and work downwardsb) List all the undesirable effects (UDEs)c) Map out the flowd) Think of the worst thing that can happen
A Useful Tool
Questions?
Questions?
Feedback Form
Thinking Processes References
The Eli Goldratt Business Novels
The Logical Thinking Process (H. William Dettmer)
Rolling Rocks Downhill (Clark Ching)
Online Guide to Implementing TOC
Useful blog on TOC and Lean
TOC TV – online videos teaching TOC topics
Nothing you ever do might make the slightest difference
Goldratt.com
Next Month’s Meetup
• Hosts: Amazon• Lightning Talks • Tuesday 18th
Please only RSVP if you expect to make it!