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“Most Advanced Yet Acceptable” -Raymond Loewy
The danger from computers is not that they will eventually get as smart as men, but that we will meanwhile agree to meet
them halfway.
Bernard Avishai
“medium and literacy”
Two trends that everyone knows, and one nobody
talks about…
1900… 1970 1980 1990
[Printing Press, Telephone System] Amount of Structured Information
Powerful Systems are cheap and ubiquitous
Cost of Power & Complexity
More
$$$
¢
i
[Human evolution takes place on a
much longer scale]
Information is Rare
Institutions that help close this gap and match information to the way people think will drive significant user adoption.
At the turn of the last century powerful/complex systems were expensive and hence Rare
taming complexityTM
MAYA | Human-Centered Design
Design
FORMINGCONCEPTING
• Sketching
• Ideation
• Concept Mapping...
• Representation
• Renderings
• Models + Prototypes...
Human-Centered Design
OBSERVING EVALUATING
• Interviewing
• Field Studies
• Contextual Inquiry...
• Questionnaires
• Usability Testing
• Heuristics...
Participatory Human-Centered Design
Putting users first…
Study users in their natural habitat…
Simulate & Iterate rapidly…
taming complexityTM
Effort to launch: 48 hours
Avg visitors/day: ~100,000
User contributed reports: >300,000
Users from over 192 countries
Days ahead of CDC reports: 7-10+
SoloHealth | EyeSite Kiosk
Vision problems have an estimated impact of $51.4 billion on the US economy according to a Prevent Blindness America study.
The one on the left took over 10 minutes to use, and nobody ever completed the tasks…
Mapping the important tasks to the difficulty and cost to fix them gave us a guide…
Put real users at the center of the design process.
Kiosks were deployed early into a collection of Walmarts and Sam’s Clubs and immediately began driving impressive results…
Over 90% of the users
noted that it was easy to use and that they would recommend it to a friend.
Update: 190,000 people have used the system so far…
17% increase in sales of eyecare related products in stores that
used the kiosks.
DARPA | CPOF
Command Post of the Future
DARPA Research Program started in 1998, targeted at “Last 18 Inches” of Command. Initial technology target was for 2010-2012.
Innovation Processes | Double Helix Model
Command Post [circa 1999]
The warfighters are actually using the paper map and ignoring the
computer system.
MAYA | Visage
Adopt radical tech from labs called “Information-centric, polymorphic collaboration”
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Topsight No Topsight No Topsight
Data GatheringDecision Making
02468
1012141618
Topsight No Topsight No Topsight
Collaboration No Collaboration Collaboration
* Data gathered during 4-day DARPA CPOF Command Exercise Oct 22-25, 2002. The experiment conducted was a within-subject
experiment measuring the type and length of communications during three periods, each period lasting 60 minutes.
Collaborative interactions and access to other participants workspace was enabled in the first and third periods. In the
second period, interactive collaboration was turned off.
Commanders’ Tasks
Min
ute
s
300% improvement in use of comms time for command tasks*
•Visual access to data reduces verbal comms•Situation, status, and plans available
asynchronously•Self-synchronization & pre-emptive interruption
Intel Provided to FSC
Collaboration No Collaboration Collaboration
# R
ep
ort
s 300% improvement in
situation awareness*
0
2
4
6
8
10
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14
Topsight No Topsight No Topsight
Fires Missions Executed
Collaboration No Collaboration Collaboration
# M
issi
on
s
400% more missions planned,
executed, and analyzed*
COCO
S2S2
FSCFSC
A CoA Co
B CoB Co
C CoC Co
COCO
S2S2
FSCFSC
A CoA Co
B CoB Co
C CoC Co
WithoutCollaboration
WithCollaboration
Reduction in time to train from 2 weeks to less than 1 day
“Any medium powerful enough to extend man’s reach is powerful
enough to topple his world. To get the medium’s magic to work for one’s aims rather than against
them is to attain literacy.”
Alan Kay
