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A comparative study shows that there are huge variations in the level of inspections and fines in the EU. the legal reality is that we are faced with a big “collage” of different jurisdictions, authorities and competencies on a European and global level. For example, Spain is the country responsible for the 80% of data protection fines in the EU due to its legislation in terms of Privacy and Data Protection
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Reproduced with permission from Privacy & Security Law Report, 13 PVLR 823, 05/12/2014. Copyright ! 2014 byThe Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (800-372-1033) http://www.bna.com
Privacy Enforcers in the EU: A Comparative StudyOf National Data Protection Agencies’ Annual Reports
BY AURELIE POLS
F ollowing are graphics highlighting comparisons of selected topics discussed in the annual reports of data pro-tection authorities in various European Union member states.
17 %
83 %
S!l"mnly publicbudg"t #inanc"d
L!ss-makingag"nci"s
Balanc"dbudg"t
M!d"rat" surplus(up t! 25%)
High surplus(!v"r 50%)
SOURCES OF FUNDING
DIStRIbUtION OF DPAs bUDGEtS9
7
5
3
13
5
87
135%SPAIN
MAjoR SURPLUS
-32%CzeCh
RePublIC
MAjoR DefICIT
Data Pr!t"cti!n Ag"nci"s ar" rar"ly hug" m!n"y l!!sing"nt"rpris"s #!r eur!p"an c!untri"s, !n th" c!ntrary! With Spainl"ading th"way, th" right "quilibrium n""ds t! b" #!und b"tw""nhaving a balanc"d budg"t, pr!t"cting citiz"ns’ rights and#!st"ring "c!n!mic gr!wth thr!ugh nurtur"d "ntr"pr"n"urship.
DPAs and th"ir #inanc"s: wh"r" d!"s th" m!n"yc!m" #r!m & is Data Pr!t"cti!n a c!st?DPAs ar" public budg"t #inanc"d t! c!v"r #uncti!ning c!sts. Th" ways !#all!cating this budg"t vari"s p"r c!untry. S!m" c!untri"s als! charg" #""s #!rr"gist"ring th"ir data #il"s whil" !th"rs r"ly m!r" !n #in"s t! assur" r"v"nu".
INCoMeCoSTS
f""s and publicbudg"t #inanc"d
P!pu
lati!n
(inmi
lli!ns
)
P!pulati!nBudg"t
DPAs
annu
albu
dg"t
(in"u
r!s)
DPA bUDGEt AND POPUlAtION
Hungar
yIr"l
andIc"
land
P!rtug
alUK
R!mani
aSw"d"
nest!ni
aItal
y
Cz"ch
R"publ
icP!l
andGr""c"Lat
viaSl!
v"nia
N"th"r
lands
Bulgar
ia
D"nmark
L!ux"m
b!urg
finlan
dMalta
Sl!vak
iafra
nc" Spain
25.000.000
20.000.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
0
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
COPYRIGHT ! 2014 BY THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC. ISSN 1538-3423
Privacy and Security Law Report®
COUNtRIES wIth thE hIGhEStRISk OF SANCtIONS
(total sanctions / # of inspections)
COUNtRIES wIth thE hIGhEStAvERAGE SANCtIONS
(total amount earned by sanctions / # of total sanctions)
COUNtRIES wIth mOSt CItIzEN COmPlAINtS COUNtRIES DOING thE mOSt INSPECtIONS
Whil! th! high!st av!rag! am"unt "# sancti"ns g"!s t" th! UK, th! ICo als" !nj"ys th! l"w!st sancti"ns and insp!cti"ns c"mpar!d t" citiz!nsc"mplaints. Additi"nally, c"untri!s ar! als" limit!d in th! maximum am"unt "# sancti"ns th!y can attribut!.
UK franc! HungarySpain D!nmark B!lgium Ir!land
P"land
16.000
12.000
8.000
4.000
0
C"mplaints
franc!P"rtugal
Sl"v!niaItaly
UKSl"vakiaSw!d!n
500
400
300
200
100
0
Insp!cti"ns
13.8005.389 2.929
421.350
UK Spain Hungary
200$R"mania8.800$
Italy
135.650$Unit!d Kingd"m
34.000$Spain
1.700$P"rtugal
370$N!th!rlands
LoWeST
75%R"mania38%
Italy
55%Unit!d Kingd"m
11%Spain(*)
79%P"rtugal
21%N!th!rlandsLoWeR
RISK
DPAs and th!ir activiti!s: what is all this m"n!yus!d #"r & d"!s it d!#!nd citiz!ns’ rights?DPAs !xist t" d!#!nd citiz!ns’ rights t" data pr"t!cti"n. Whil! sancti"ns ar! th! m"st publiciz!d"utc"m!s, th!ir daily tasks r!v!rt ar"und c"nsulting, insp!cting and #"ll"wing-up "n c"mplaints"r d!nunciati"ns -think "# th! ombudsman typ! "# pr"#il!- whil! giving r!c"mm!ndati"ns.
UK franc! HungarySpain D!nmark B!lgium Ir!land
P"land
16.000
12.000
8.000
4.000
0
C"mplaints
2
5-12-14 COPYRIGHT ! 2014 BY THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC. PVLR ISSN 1538-3423
NUmbER OF SANCtIONS PER COUNtRy
SANCtIONS IN thE lIGht OF COmPlAINtS
mAxImUmAmOUNt OFSANCtIONSDPAS CANhAND OUt(in euros)
AmOUNt GAINED by SANCtIONS PER COUNtRy
As th! data !manating "rom th! annual r!ports w! look!d at is so disparat!, it rapidlyb!cam! dang!rous to go into "urth!r d!tail. W! did want to l!av! you with som! id!aso" quantity and amount o" sanctions "or th! last availabl! y!ar "or !ach DPA as w!ll asmaximum "in!s !ach country is allow!d, by law, to hand out.
Sanctions
Amount gain!dby sanctions
Portugal
Italy
Spain
UK
#- 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 135.000 140.000
Portugal Italy Spain UKAv!rag! sanction # 1,690 # 8,823 # 34,091 # 135,650Av!rag! sanction g!n!rat!d by a complaint # 681 # 5,837 # 2,550 # 230
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Spain Ital
yest
onia
Latvia
franc!
Bulgar
iaSlo
v!nia
Portug
al
Romani
a UKSlo
vakia
N!th!r
lands
Hungar
y
Cz!ch
R!publ
ic
572
19.500.000 #3.120.000 #
1.500.000 #
644.000 #
Spain
SpainUK
3
20.000.000
19.500.000
19.000.000
18.500.000
18.000.000
3.000.000
2.500.000
2.000.000
1.500.000
1.000.000
500.000
0
Spain UK Ital
y
Portug
alfra
nc!Bul
garia
Romani
aIr!l
and
N!th!r
lands
Cz!ch
R!publ
ic
Min MaxUK 606,642
Spain 900 600,000Cz!ch R!public 204,000 408,000
G!rmany 50,000 300,000Poland 270,000
N!th!rlands 250,000franc! 150,000Gr!!c! 146,000
Italy 6,000 120,000Hungary 36,000Portugal 250 30,000
Switz!rland 7,900
! All the amount are in ! currency, the currency is in constant value of last october, in order to do the comparison and comprehension of information easier.
M!trics and KPIs
T H O M O G E N I z A T I O N O f f I N A N C I A L D A T A ,
3
PRIVACY & SECURITY LAW REPORT ISSN 1538-3423 BNA 5-12-14
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