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• Enlargement includes:– Widening • From 6 founding members to 27 (soon 28 members)• From 1,299,290 km2 to 4,324,782 km2 of 10,180,000 km2 –
almost half of Europe’s territory• Population from approx. 200,000,000 to 503,492,041 of
739,165,030 European population
– Deepening • From Coal and Steel Community to political integration
Waves of enlargement1951
France, FR of Germany, Italy, Benelux countries
1973Britain, Ireland, Denmark
1981 Greece
1986Spain, Portugal
1995Austria, Sweden, Finland
2004Slovenia, Slovakia, Czech, Poland, Leetonia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary,
Malta, Cyprus
2007Rumania, Bulgaria
Legal Basis
• TUE: Art. 49 “every European state that respects written principles of Art. 6 (1) can apply for membership in EU”
Enlargement strategy• Integration capacity
• Absorption capacity
• Speed or Quality?!
• Consolidation– Adherence to the countries joining the EU
• Conditionality– Fair and rigorous
• Communication – Effective communication and what brings for citizens
Copenhagen criteria for membership• Political criteria– Democracy, rule of law, human rights, minority rights,
good neighborhood, cooperation with Hague tribunal
• Economic criteria– Free market economy, economic stability, ability to
compete with other economies of the Union
• Acquis communitaire – Harmonization of national legislation with EU law– Acquis chapters– 35 chapters
Association Agreements• Association agreement– Turkey, Malta, Cyprus
• Europe Agreement– Former socialist states of eastern Europe
• Stabilization and Association Agreement –Western Balkans
Mechanisms of pre-accession • SAP – Stabilization and Association Agreement
• European Partnership
• PHARE
• Instrument for pre accession assistance – IP
• National programmes for aproval of Acquis Communautaire (AC)
• Progress reports of European Comission
• Political dialogue
Dialoge
Feasibility Report
SAP Negotiations
Concluding SAP – Transitory M.
SAP Implementation
Application for Membership
Opinion from Commission
Accession negotiation
EU Accession
Accession process• Submitting application for accession to the Council
of EU • European Commission (EC) evaluates capacity of
applicant state in terms of fulfilling the conditions for membership
• If EC evaluates positively with positive opinion
• then it is required the consent of EP, then EU Council should unanimously agree
Negotiations• First step “scanning” on the area of legislation – Acquis
• EC presents the report of “scanning” for each state and for each chapter, the state presents its negotiations position
• EC submits a draft of joint position and EU Council approves it unanimously to open negotiations of Acquis chapters
• Negotiations take place at the level of ministers or permanent representatives of EU member states from the EU side and ambassadors and chief negotiators of candidate states
Monitoring• EC informs regularly the EU Council and EP for the
preparation of candidate countries through monitoring reports
• Regular progres reports of EC for the preparedness of the candidate state for accession
• Final report of monitoring is submited to the EU Council
Ratification and accession process
• After completion of negotiations in all Acquis 35 chapters, results of negotiations are included in the draft of accession treaty in accordance with EU Council and the candidate state
• Draft treaty is submitted to the EC for opinion, and to EP for consent
• After signing treaty is submitted to member states and the candidate state for ratification
• After ratification the treaty enters into force and candidate state becomes member