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Older Web users are now facing one of the most difficult challenges of their lives. The Web changes every day and they cannot keep up with it. As older age comes, individuals experience gradual and fluctuating decline in capabilities. These physical impairments make usage of the Web even more difficult. Web accessibility is an area devoted to solve accessibility problems of disabled people. However, as older people suffer disabilities, although less severe ones, they can profit from Web accessibility solutions. In this article, we review some of the most common impairments that affect older Web users, we analyze how these impairments are considered by Web Accessibility standards, and explore different approaches that improve Web user interface. Finally, we introduce our ideas to overcome unsolved Web accessibility barriers for older users describing an experience carried out at our University in Argentinean Patagonia.
Citation preview
Web Accessibility for Older Users: A Southern Argen8nean View
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Viviana Saldaño1, Adriana Mar8n1,2, Gabriela Gaetán1, Diego Vilte1 1GIFIS Research Group, National University of Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Santa Cruz, Southern Patagonia, Argentina 2GIISCo Research Group, National University of Comahue (UNComa), Neuquén, Northern Patagonia, Argentina
emails: { vivianas / amartin / ggaetan} @uaco,unpa.edu.ar ; [email protected]
… the computer ask me to close the window… but, how does it know that I have the window of my dining open?
Older Popula8on Evolu8on • Popula8on ageing is unprecedented, without parallel in human history, and the twenty-‐first century will witness even more rapid ageing than did the century just past.
Popula8on aged 60 or over: world and development regions, 1950-‐2050
Context and Motivation
Older Popula8on Evolu8on • Popula8on ageing is pervasive, a global phenomenon affec8ng every man, woman and child.
Propor8on of popula8on aged 60 or over: world and development regions, 1950-‐2050
Context and Motivation
Older Adults Characteriza8on • Popula8on ageing has profound implica8ons for many facets of human life.
ABILITY IMPACT DIFFICULTIES
VISION
Screen Keyboard
1. Decreasing ability to focus on near tasks 2. Changing color perception and sensitivity 3. Pupil shrinkage and decreasing contrast
sensitivity
HEARING Audio
Multimedia
1. Increasing inability to hear higher-pitched sounds
MOTOR SKILLS Mouse
Keyboard
1. Slowness of movement, trembling
COGNITIVE
Overall Web Use
1. Short term memory problems, concentration difficulties, distraction, change blindness
FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS AFFECTING OLDER WEB USERS
Context and Motivation
Standards and Guidelines
World Wide Web Consor8um (W3C)
Web Accessibility Ini8a8ve (WAI)
• Guidelines: ATAG, UAAG, WCAG
WAI-‐AGE Project: Ageing Educa,on and
Harmoniza,on
Background
DIFFICULTY WCAG 2.0 GUIDELINE
1. Decreasing ability to focus on near tasks 1.4
2. Changing color perception and sensitivity 1.4
3. Pupil shrinkage and decreasing contrast sensitivity 1.4
4. Increasing inability to hear higher-pitched sounds 1.2 – 1.4
5. Slowness of movement, trembling 2.1 – 2.2
6. Short term memory problems, concentration difficulties, distraction, change blindness
2.2 – 2.4 – 3.2 – 3.3
OLDER WEB USERS DIFFICULTIES AND CORRESPONDING WCAG 2.0 GUIDELINES
Background
Standards and Guidelines
DIFFICULTY WCAG 2.0 GUIDELINE
1. Decreasing ability to focus on near tasks 1.4
2. Changing color perception and sensitivity 1.4
3. Pupil shrinkage and decreasing contrast sensitivity 1.4
4. Increasing inability to hear higher-pitched sounds 1.2 – 1.4
5. Slowness of movement, trembling 2.1 – 2.2
6. Short term memory problems, concentration difficulties, distraction, change blindness
2.2 – 2.4 – 3.2 – 3.3
OLDER WEB USERS DIFFICULTIES AND CORRESPONDING WCAG 2.0 GUIDELINES
Background
Standards and Guidelines
Guideline 2.2 Enough Time: Provide users enough 8me to read and use content.
Guideline 2.4 Navigable: Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are.
Guideline 3.2 Predictable: Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways.
Guideline 3.3 Input Assistance: Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia • We are here…
Our Proposal
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia • Our Experiment… – Par8cipants – Materials – Procedure – Tasks • Read an email • Reply an email • Write a new email • Delete an email • Close user session
Our Proposal
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia Problems found…
1) Adver8sements 2) Visual presenta8on difficul8es 3) Not understandable buaons
Our Proposal
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
How we solved… 1) Adver8sements
GreaseMonkey Script: CleanUp 1.1
2) Visual presenta8on difficul8es Solu8ons provided by the Opera8ng System
3) Not understandable buaons We develop a Script: Oldie 1.0
Our Proposal
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia How we solved…
Our Proposal
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
Results comparison…
TASK COUPLES ERROR RATIO a) Read an email 0/9
b) Reply an email 6/9 c) Write a new email 0/9
d) Delete an email 2/9
e) Close user session 8/9
Task Id Task Description Couples Error Ratio
a) Read an email 0/7
b) Reply an email 1/7
c) Write a new email 0/7
d) Delete an email 1/7
e) Close user session 0/7
Discussion of Results
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
Results comparison…
TASK COUPLES ERROR RATIO a) Read an email 0/9
b) Reply an email 6/9 c) Write a new email 0/9
d) Delete an email 2/9
e) Close user session 8/9
Task Id Task Description Couples Error Ratio
a) Read an email 0/7
b) Reply an email 1/7
c) Write a new email 0/7
d) Delete an email 1/7
e) Close user session 0/7
Discussion of Results
remains the same …
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
Results comparison…
TASK COUPLES ERROR RATIO a) Read an email 0/9
b) Reply an email 6/9 c) Write a new email 0/9
d) Delete an email 2/9
e) Close user session 8/9
Task Id Task Description Couples Error Ratio
a) Read an email 0/7
b) Reply an email 1/7
c) Write a new email 0/7
d) Delete an email 1/7
e) Close user session 0/7
Discussion of Results
Improves a liKle …
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
Results comparison…
TASK COUPLES ERROR RATIO a) Read an email 0/9
b) Reply an email 6/9 c) Write a new email 0/9
d) Delete an email 2/9
e) Close user session 8/9
Task Id Task Description Couples Error Ratio
a) Read an email 0/7
b) Reply an email 1/7
c) Write a new email 0/7
d) Delete an email 1/7
e) Close user session 0/7
Discussion of Results
Oldie 1.0 made a
Good Job!
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
Conclusions and Future Work
• Certain needs were detected while teaching computing courses to our seniors We gained experience to develop our proposal and to test it on the field …
• The proposed UI helped improving the performance of our seniors We provided a comfortable way to use Yahoo email, so our seniors can feel more confident when interac7ng with the applica7on …
• These solutions (existing and ours) do not cover all needs and they are not usable enough for elderly Web users, since require assistance to configure (or install) the appropriate add-ons
So, many elderly ci7zens miss the chance to relax and enjoy using the Web …
Older Users’ Experience in Patagonia
• We have to increase quality of life of our Patagonian seniors, avoiding hesitation and frustration
We are going to con,nue our work (applying a pragma,c research approach + an itera,ve incremental process) to develop a tool that includes all the adapta,ons and provides help to elderly Web users
Conclusions and Future Work
• Because the geographical location and extreme weather conditions, our seniors have limitations to enjoy outdoor activities and require ways to stay connected with their families and friends
We are going to con,nue exploring difficul,es experienced by our seniors with other Web applica,ons, like as social networks, to find appropriate solu,ons.
An accessible Web can help to grant our seniors one of their main wishes: “independence”
Thanks for your attention!
!
Viviana Saldaño, Adriana Mar8n, Gabriela Gaetán, Diego Vilte
GIFIS Research Group, National University of Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Santa Cruz, Southern Patagonia, Argentina emails: { vivianas / amartin / ggaetan}@uaco.unpa.edu.ar; [email protected]
… luckily, my granddaughter sent us her birthday
invitation via facebook!