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5th Annual Rathlyn Lecture
The Web From A Social Model Perspective We are all disabled, or soon will be: redefining the concept of inclusive user experience on the Web.
Denis Boudreau Web Accessibility Avenger
Deque Systems, Inc. @dboudreau
Think of the ways in which the Web has improved YOUR QUALITY OF LIFE in the last 10-15 years.
\ˈem-pə-thē\
Think of the ways in which the Web has improved YOUR QUALITY OF LIFE in the last 10-15 years.
Think of the ways in which the Web has improved
YOUR SOCIAL INTERACTIONS in the last 10-15 years.
What if all of that was taken away from you?
Denis Boudreau
Pragmatic accessibility + Inclusive Design. Empowering users with disabilities on the Web since 2000.
• Senior Accessibility Consultant, Deque Systems • Co-editor, SGQRI 008 standards • Trainer and Advisor, Knowbility • Invited Expert, W3C
@dboudreau
What is UX and How Does it Affect Us on the Web? The User eXperience Honeycomb
UX focuses on having a deep understanding of users, what they need, what they value, their abilities, and limitations.
However, while accessibility is a key component of the UX Honeycomb, it is often simply seen as a “nice to have”, since it is deemed too complicated.
useful
desirable
valuable
usable
findable
credible
accessible
Reference: http://www.usability.gov/what-and-why/user-experience.html
Bridging the Web Accessibility Gap (in Education).
Why Do People Feel Accessibility Is So Hard?
So I asked 100 men and women…
Top 7 Answers
Top 7 Answers
The Inclusive Practice of Removing Barriers that Prevent Access Defining Web Accessibility
But seriously, what does that even mean?
Allowing people to accomplish themselves to the full extent of their capacity or goals, so they can:
Perceive Understand Navigate Interact And contribute to the Web!
How People With Disabilities Use the Web Major Disability Groups
Countless Combinations
Visual (blindness, low vision, color blindness…)
Auditory (deafness, hard of hearing…)
Motor (paralysis, arthritis, temporary disabled…)
Cognitive (dyslexia, learning disabilities, autism, ADD…)
Reference: http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/
According to the United Nations, around 10% of the world’s population lives with some form of disability (650 million people).
Anyone wanna be that
1 out of 10?
However, the World Health Organization estimates this number to be more than 1 billion people, or 15% of the
world’s population (1 out of every 7 of us).
1 billion = China’s total population in 1985!
People with disabilities are, by far, the largest minority on the Web.
According to the World Health Organization (2011) Worldwide Statistics on Disability
Hearing Impairment (Deafness) Over 360 million people. For every 10 people that are hard of hearing, one is functionally deaf. About 33% of people over 65 years of age are affected by disabling hearing loss.
Visual Impairment (Blindness) Over 285 million people, of whom 39 million are blind and 246 million have moderate to severe visual impairment. About 65 % of all people who are visually impaired are aged 50 and older.
Source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/
According to the World Health Organization (2011) As a Measure of Comparison…
In Canada 3.8 Million Canadians are Disabled • The percentage of Canadians
with disabilities ranges from 4.4% for people 15 to 24 years to 42.5% for those 75+ years.
• People with disabilities have an estimated spending power of $25 billion a year.
Total Canada Population 35.2 Million (2012)
People with disabilities 3.8 Million
13.7%
Source: http://www.mcss.gov.on.ca/en/mcss/publications/accessibility/charles_beer/intro_why_accessibility.aspx
Situational Disabilities But It’s Not Only About “Them” • Broken mouse • Fractured wrists • Using mobile devices • Sun glare on screens • Feeling tired or unwell • Noisy environments • Kids playing around • Long, stressful day • Etc.
And if it affects us too, then I guess it becomes kind of a big deal, right?
According to the Canadian Literacy and Learning Network Literacy Statistics in Canada
55% of working age adults do not have adequate health literacy skills.
42% of adults between the ages of 16 - 65 have low literacy skills.
16% of Quebecers aged 16 - 65 are on the lowest rung of the reading ability scale.
Sources: http://www.fondationalphabetisation.org/en/adults/illiteracy_literacy/ http://www.literacy.ca/literacy/literacy-sub/
The Silver Tsunami The Elephant in the Room
Most people’s first experience with assistive technology.
We’re pretty far from screen readers, refreshable braille displays,
speech recognition software, trackballs, sip-and-puff systems, magnification
software and all that good stuff.
According to Employment and Social Development Canada Canada
• 5.0 million of the population, or 14.4%, were aged 65 and over in 2011.
• This number is expected to reach 10.4 million, or 23.5% of the population, by 2036.
Senior Canada Population 33.5 Million (2011)
Seniors, 65+ 5 Million
14.4%
Source: http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/[email protected]?iid=33
Let’s Not Sugarcoat It… We’re All Aging Into Disability
Source: Statistics Canada, Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, 2006.
The Question Is… Which One Will You Be Majoring In?
Can we still even talk about a minority when we combine such important user groups?
+ 13.7% 14.4%
“Web accessibility is not about disabilities,
it’s about people.” - @AaronGustafson
Minimize Barriers and Maximize Learning for All Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
Principles of Universal Design for Learning Learning Opportunities for All
Provide multiple means of: • Representation – show the
information in different ways. • Action and expression – allow
students to approach learning tasks and demonstrate what they know in different ways.
• Engagement – offer options that engage students and keep their interest.
Introducing WCAG 2.0 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Resource http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/
Resource
How to Meet WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/
Resource
Understanding WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/
Resource
Techniques and Failures for WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-TECHS/
Diving Into WCAG 2.0 The WCAG 2.0 Supporting Documents
Resource: http://denisboudreau.org/presentations/2014/rathlyn2014/WCAG2Map-v1.12.pdf
Deep Within WCAG 2.0 The WCAG 2.0 Mind Map
• WCAG 2.0 : 36 pages • How To Meet : 75 pages • Understanding : 240 pages • Techniques : 780 pages
1131 pages!
WCAG 2.0 – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines W3C Technical Documentation
WCAG 2.0 – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines All You Really Need To Remember
Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
Distance Education Accessibility Guidelines Task Force A Californian Example
Access guidelines related to specific media types found in digital media: • Text • Image • Audio • Video • Complex
Resource: http://www.htctu.net/dlguidelines/dlg_index.html
Walking But an Inch in Somebody Else’s Shoes Empathetic Design as a Concept
User research to identify with, and understand end users’ feelings and challenges, in order to design products meeting their needs.
Mobile Revolution: How Has Mobile Changed The Way People Use the Web?
According to Vitamin Talent,
by 2014, mobile internet usage around the
world will overtake desktop browsing…
and will increase by 66% each year!
Mobile is NOT the future of the Web. Mobile IS the technology of TODAY.
Accessibility Becomes Mainstream Mobile Devices Features • Screen Reader • Zooming • Auto Completion • Auto Correction • Keyboard Shortcuts • Dictation • Speak Screen • Font Adjustment • Invert Colors and Grayscale • Closed Captions • Visible and Vibrating Alerts • Etc.
If accessibility is about understanding people and the barriers that they face…
…this mainstreaming of such assistive technology helps build more widespread
empathy towards people with disabilities.
“The percentage of users visiting from a mobile device or tablet was just 0.1% in 2008. It has since grown exponentially, 200 to 400% per year, to 6.2% today.”
Reference: http://www.slideshare.net/AaronGustafson/intro-to-adaptive-web-design-ed-ui-2013
“In the second quarter of 2008, we detected 71 different screen resolutions among our visitors. In the first quarter of 2012, we detected 830.”
Reference: http://www.slideshare.net/AaronGustafson/intro-to-adaptive-web-design-ed-ui-2013
The Mobile Revolution Global Internet Device Sales
Source: http://www.energise.co.nz/blog/internet-news/smart-phone-growth/
2014: Year of the Mobile Revolution FACT: Mobile Internet DID overtake desktops this year!!!
According to ComScore, Americans used mobile apps more than PCs to access the Internet in January 2014. Mobile devices accounted for 55% of Internet usage. This was the first time this had ever happened.
Source: http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/28/technology/mobile/mobile-apps-internet/
The Mobile Revolution Media Consumption Share
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/mobile-media-consumption-grows-2-2014-1
The Mobile Revolution Mobile Growth Increase
Source: http://findmycompany.com/advantages-of-responsive-web-design
What does that mean for students and the devices they use today?
Chances are, most learning objects provided miss the mark.
“What separates good and great design is the attention to details.”
- @zeldman
People with Disabilities, Seniors, Mobile Users… We’re All in the Same Boat
"What we need to start doing is designing for the extremes. The middle will take care of itself."
- @DanFormosa
Designing for the Extremes
Accessibility benefits all of us.
+ +
Web Accessibility and Mobile Technologies Conundrum The Times, They Are a-Changin'
McGill University Demographics Office for Students with Disabilities
• Out of 39 000 McGill students, approximately 1 600, or 4%, are registered to the OSD. About only 1 out of every 5 students who would
qualify do come forward. This estimate suggests that up to 8 000 students
at McGill could have a disability. This means about 20.5% of students, a figure on
par with the rest of the disabled population.
Mobile devices are quickly becoming the cheapest way to get online.
Many people with disabilities are finding these devices to be the cheapest way to
buy modern assistive technology.
The number of students relying on mobile devices as their main access point to the Internet increases every year.
What does that mean: • For inaccessible content? • For PDF documents? • For Flash-based videos? • For Flash applications? • For the users’ bandwidth? • Etc.
Mobile is killing the last teaching paradigms of the 20th century.
Barely Scratching the Surface Wearable Tech & the Internet of Things
This change will only accentuate as new technologies emerge.
Technologies and mobile are forever changing the traditional
teacher-student interactions.
There is no going back.
Content that is not accessible to all of these devices will only be available to a portion of the target audience.
There’s another word for that:
prejudice.
And who’s to say where it will stop?
Or if it even should!
“The Internet of Things is the next big wave of computing. It will touch more aspects of our lives and have a more profound effect than we can begin to imagine.” - Duncan Wilson Principal Investigator, ICRI Cities, Intel.
Building content while keeping accessibility guidelines in mind is the key to an inclusive,
interoperable, future-friendly Web.
This empowers students to have a real shot at getting a diploma.
Our dedication helps breaking the cycle of precarity and isolation.
Being inclusive is a shared responsibility to which we should all be held accountable.
Because ultimately, content and user interfaces are like jokes…
If your users don’t understand them,
it’s because they’re not that good!
And if you’re not willing to do it for others, then at least, consider doing it for your future selves.
What Comes Next? More Resources! Some Great Books to Consider
• A Web For Everyone (W. Quesenbery, S. Horton)
• Adaptive Web Design (Aaron Gustafson)
• Mobile First (Luke Wroblewski)
• Responsive Web Design (Ethan Marcotte)
Merci beaucoup!
Denis Boudreau Web Accessibility Avenger Deque Systems, Inc. [email protected] @dboudreau
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