The State of the Internet - Virginia

The State of the Internet - Virginia

David BelsonSr. Director, Industry & Data Intelligence

(@dbelson, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dbelson)

November 16, 2016

©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

Agenda• Akamai Introduction• State of the Internet Report

• Speed Testing• State of Broadband in Virginia

• Connection speed & broadband adoption trends from theState of the Internet / Connectivity Report

• 4K Streaming and VR Readiness

We are the global leader in Content Delivery Network (CDN) services for delivering, optimizing and securing online content and business applications.

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Market Cap$11B+

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Akamai Today


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networks

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Data Collection

Platform Inputs:

Measurements across various metrics related to Internet performance, architecture, and interconnectedness

Platform Usage:

Every connection/request, whether good or malicious in nature, carries associated information of interest & value


A quarterly report series that leverages “data exhaust” generated by Akamai services:

• IPv4 exhaustion & IPv6 adoption• Connection Speeds/Broadband Adoption• Mobile connectivity & usage trends• Attack traffic activity & trends• Threat intelligence

The State of the Internet Report

https://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet@akamai_soti




Speed Tests – Which Measurement Is “Right”?


Speed Tests – Which Measurement Is “Right”?

Published results from publicly available speed testing tools often suffer from sample bias, generally of two types:


The State of Broadband Coverage in Virginia

http://broadbandnow.com/Virginia


Virginia Broadband Availability – Cable Coverage

https://broadband.cgit.vt.edu/IntegratedToolbox/


State of the Internet / Connectivity Highlights


Average & Average Peak Connection Speeds

41 18 16 85 49 3 29 8 30 98

70 62 49 16 49 81 66 23 30 71

35 72 18 72 91 30 76 90 58 83

88 89 74 45 80 77 88 65 69 54

22 92 79 43 94 93 3 23 26 75

30 65 20 91 49 13 4 52 78 76

62 62 6 40 9 57 69 85 95 37

98 3 73 15 45 36 88 8 45 67

86 64 69 44 43 63 42 30 48 76

67 18 70 41 35 6 27 20 47 3

98 92 79 91 94 93 88 90 95 98

88 89 74 85 91 81 88 85 78 83

86 72 73 72 80 77 76 65 69 76

70 65 70 45 49 63 69 52 58 76

67 64 69 44 49 57 66 30 48 75

62 62 49 43 49 36 42 23 47 71

41 62 20 41 45 30 29 23 45 67

35 18 18 40 43 13 27 20 30 54

30 18 16 16 35 6 4 8 30 37

22 3 6 15 9 3 3 8 26 3

Average (51.75) Average Peak (91.8)

41 18 16 85 49 3 29 8 30 98

70 62 49 16 49 81 66 23 30 71

35 72 18 72 91 30 76 90 58 83

88 89 74 45 80 77 88 65 69 54

22 92 79 43 94 93 3 23 26 75

30 65 20 91 49 13 4 52 78 76

62 62 6 40 9 57 69 85 95 37

98 3 73 15 45 36 88 8 45 67

86 64 69 44 43 63 42 30 48 76

67 18 70 41 35 6 27 20 47 3

98 92 79 91 94 93 88 90 95 98

88 89 74 85 91 81 88 85 78 83

86 72 73 72 80 77 76 65 69 76

70 65 70 45 49 63 69 52 58 76

67 64 69 44 49 57 66 30 48 75

62 62 49 43 49 36 42 23 47 71

41 62 20 41 45 30 29 23 45 67

35 18 18 40 43 13 27 20 30 54

30 18 16 16 35 6 4 8 30 37

22 3 6 15 9 3 3 8 26 3

41 18 16 85 49 3 29 8 30 98

70 62 49 16 49 81 66 23 30 71

35 72 18 72 91 30 76 90 58 83

88 89 74 45 80 77 88 65 69 54

22 92 79 43 94 93 3 23 26 75

30 65 20 91 49 13 4 52 78 76

62 62 6 40 9 57 69 85 95 37

98 3 73 15 45 36 88 8 45 67

86 64 69 44 43 63 42 30 48 76

67 18 70 41 35 6 27 20 47 3


Average Connection Speed


Comparisons

Regional - Neighboring States

States with similar population density(VA=212.3/mi2)

Countries with similar population density

West Virginia Kentucky Maryland North Carolina Tennessee Delaware

Hawaii(222.9)

Illinois(231.6)

Indiana(184.8)

North Carolina(206.6)

Greece(212)

Kenya(210)

Romania(215)


Average Connection Speed Trends - Virginia


Average Connection Speed Trends - Regional


Average Connection Speed Trends – Density (State)


Average Connection Speed Trends – Density (State)


Average Connection Speed Trends – Density (Country)


Average Connection Speed Trends – Density (Country)


Average Peak Connection Speed


Average Peak Connection Speed Trends - Virginia


Average Peak Connection Speed Trends – Regional


Avg. Peak Connection Speed Trends – Density (State)


Avg. Peak Connection Speed Trends – Density (State)


Avg. Peak Connection Speed Trends – Density (Country)


Avg. Peak Connection Speed Trends – Density (Country)


Average Connection Speed Trends, Top Cities


Average Peak Connection Speed Trends, Top Cities


Broadband Adoption

Virginia ranked #1689% adoption+0.6% QoQ+3.3% YoY


“Narrowband”


Historic “Broadband” and “High Broadband”


“4K Ready” and Current “Broadband”


Platform Firewall, Attacks from the United States

State % SourceIP Adresses

California 14.4%Texas 9.4%New York 6.6%Illinois 6.5%Florida 6.5%Massachusetts 5.1%Georgia 4.7%Maryland 4.3%Pennsylvania 3.4%New Jersey 3.2%Ohio 3.1%North Carolina 3.0%Virginia 3.0%…Alaska <0.1%

Protocol Port % SourceIP Adresses

NetBIOS UDP137 36.8%HTTPS TCP443 15.7%Microsoft-DS TCP445 11.5%LDAP TCP389 7.2%NetBIOS TCP139 6.1%IPSec/ISAKMP UDP500 5.9%FTP TCP21 2.4%HTTP Alternate TCP8080 2.0%NTP UDP123 1.3%HTTP Alternate TCP81 1.2%


4K Bandwidth Requirements• Uncompressed 4K requires

~60 Mbps• Netflix streaming 4K at

~15 Mbps today• Aggressive encoding

improvements could get it down to 10-12 Mbps(http://blog.streamingmedia.com/2015/01/4k-streaming-bandwidth-problem.html)

ABR can help maintain stream quality when bandwidth is inconsistent.


What about VR?“The aim of virtual reality is to generate a digital experience at the full fidelity of human perception – to recreate every photon your eyes would see, every small vibration your ears would hear and eventually other details like touch, smell and temperature. That’s a tall order because humans can process an equivalent of nearly 5.2 gigabits per second of sound and light…”

Why The Internet Pipes Will Burst When Virtual Reality Takes Offhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/valleyvoices/2016/02/09/why-the-internet-pipes-will-burst-if-virtual-reality-takes-off/

“Immersive experiences with 360° video applications require a lot of data. A low resolution 360° experience – which is available with most VR head-mounted displays – requires at least 25Mbit/s for streaming. For resolutions comparable to HD TV the requirement jumps to 80-100Mbit/s. However, if you want the best “retinal” 360° video experience (as you get watching a 4k TV), as much as 600Mbit/s is required.”

Virtual Reality Check: Are Our Networks Readyfor VR? http://blog.advaoptical.com/virtual-reality-check-are-our-networks-ready-for-vr

“ARRIS estimates that a VR game in 720p will require 50 Mbps, and a 4K VR game (do they exist yet?!) will need 500 Mbps.”

ARRIS Gives Us a Hint of the Bandwidth Requirements for VRhttp://www.onlinereporter.com/2016/06/17/arris-gives-us-hint-bandwidth-requirements-vr/


Influencing FactorsSize, geography, and population density

Government involvement and legislative environment

Competitive landscape

Service tier pricing

Local socioeconomic factors

(Measurement methodologies, attack traffic, “local conditions”)


In SummaryVirginia’s average and average peak connection speeds have seen extremely strong growth over the last nine years.

Speeds are high enough to support the continued growth of OTT content in the near term, and the gradual shift to 4K going forward, including multiple concurrent streams.

Speeds are currently not quite high enough to support HD VR experiences, but bandwidth requirements will go down as speeds continue to go up over time.

What ultimately counts is the voice of the customer, and their satisfaction with the user experience!


Thank You