The IoT Hunger Games 2015

The iot Hunger games

2015

ONE TECHNOLOGY IS DRIVING A NEW WAVE OF INNOVATION FOR

THE INTERNET OF THINGS …

WHO WE AREWe began driving innovations in the internet of things over 10 years ago at our last company, Savi Technology and believe that the best way to connect networks with many battery-powered sensors is not through WiFi, Bluetooth, or cellular, but via something better.

We invented a better way of connecting things using very low power and over long distances, a technology called DASH7. Our company also builds tools, API’s, and software to make DASH7 more accessible to developers.

We recently began receiving inquiries about a new class of IoT modulation technologies called Low Power Wide Area Networks. We think LPWAN’s are exciting and this presentation tells you why.

LOW POWER STATUS QUO

30 feet 3 miles300 feet

Short Range / “WPAN”

Medium Range

NEW CHALLENGERS

Short Range / Local Area

Medium Range

up to 30 Miles

Long Range / “LPWAN”


RANGE IS MASSIVELY BETTER

up to 30 Miles




Medium Range

30 feet 300 feet 5 Kilometers


up to 30 Miles

FOR THE SAME PRICE


Medium Range

Low Power Wide Area Networks

• Very long range • Multi-year AA battery life • Low cost: sub-$10 per node

THE FUTURE OF THE IOT

10 meters 5 Kilometers100 meters


Medium Range


up to 50 Kilometers

We believe most wireless sensor networks will be LPWAN-based, as LPWAN’s offer comparable pricing and power consumption to legacy WPAN/WLAN options, but with:

• Significantly improved range and signal coverage • Better monetization opportunities for customers

KEYS TO LPWAN LONG RANGE

+ +Sub-1GHz Radio Bands

Really Low Bit Rates

Frequency Spreading

Longer wavelengths allow vastly longer range and lower power consumption

Common bands include 915, 868, 433, and 169 MHz.

Technology being deployed in most LPWAN modulation schemes use some form of spreading to combat interference

Low data rates of just a few hundred bps increase range, but as a result the packets get very “long”, which leads to new challenges.

+ +Sub-1GHz Radio Bands

Really Low Bit Rates

Frequency Spreading

Longer wavelengths allow vastly longer range and lower power consumption

Common bands include 915, 868, 433, and 169 MHz.

Technology being deployed in most LPWAN modulation schemes use some form of spreading to combat interference

Low data rates of just a few hundred bps increase range, but as a result the packets get very long. This leads to new challenges.

KEYS TO LPWAN LONG RANGE

These technologies for achieving long range are

old and well-established. Advances in

semiconductor technology over the last 40 years

are what enable low-cost and low-power.

So barriers-to-entry are also low …

COMPETITION ARRIVES …


up to 30 Miles30 feet 3 miles300 feet


Medium Range

up to 50 Kilometers50 Kilometers



Medium Range

up to 30 Miles30 feet 3 miles300 feet

… AND INTEGRATORS



AND DOZENS OF STARTUPS


Medium Range

so the games begin …

BUT DEVELOPERS HESITATE

1. Choosing wisely among multiple LPWAN suppliers, including some which may disappear in a year or two, is difficult.

2. There is no LPWAN PHY standard. In fact, the three prominent PHYs are radically different.

3. No standardized networking stack.

4. Market is dominated by high cost, single-vendor silicon.

5. Scalability of some LPWAN technologies

MOST LPWAN TECH IS PHYSICAL LAYER ONLY

15

OSI Layer

7 Application Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

6 Presentation Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

5 Session Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

4 Transport Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

3 Network Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

2 Data Link Partial Definition Undefined Partial Definition Undefined

1 Physical “PHY”

LoRa @ 169 - 960 MHz

Various @ 315 - 930 MHz

SigFox @ 900, 868 MHz

SigFox and Generic PHYs

Example LPWAN PHY’s

MOST LPWAN TECH IS PHYSICAL LAYER ONLY

16

OSI Layer

7 Application Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

6 Presentation Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

5 Session Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

4 Transport Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

3 Network Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined

2 Data Link Partial Definition Undefined Partial Definition Undefined


LoRa @ 169 - 960 MHz




Example LPWAN PHY’sThe physical layer defines the way bits are converted into radio signals: encoding, signal modulation, the radio frequency to use, and

related low-level parameters.

Partial Definition Partial Definition


LoRa @ 169 - 960 MHz




YET CUSTOMERS NEED MORE THAN JUST PHYSICAL LAYER

• Addressing Options

• Networking Options

• Session Options

• Device Wakeup

• Authentication

• Encryption

• Device Filesystem

• Power Management

• Location-based Services

• Sensor Options

• Application API’s

• Device Management

UNDEFINED IN PHYSICAL LAYER

18

OSI Layer

7 Application

Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined6 Presentation

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link Partial Definition Partial Definition


LoRa @ 169 - 960 MHz





HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY

HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY

19

OSI Layer

7 Application

Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined6 Presentation

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link Partial Definition Partial Definition


LoRa @ 169 - 960 MHz





Standardizing layers 2-6 will accelerate LPWAN adoption

worldwide and basically make many people happy.

THIS IDEA MAKES SENSE1. Avoids fragmentation. Too many competing stacks over different PHY’s = slow growth.

2. Proprietary stacks are not portable across PHY’s. For example, SigFox’s stack only works with SigFox’s own unique PHY and operating configuration. Similarly, stacks like LoRaWan are limited to a single provider of silicon.

3. “Roll-your-own” stack inhibits developers and customers. A common stack gives developers and customers the option to choose among PHY technologies and focus on the application layer, while lowering maintenance and support costs.

4. Interoperability. Standardizing provides key elements of interoperability, creating new product and application opportunities like multi-PHY gateways and endpoints, similar to WiFi.

5. Performance improvements. Roll-your-own stacks will be slower to respond to marketplace innovations as well as among PHY layer suppliers. A common stack makes the trajectory of LPWAN’s more assured!

Requirement

Provide Robust Networking Features

P2P, broadcast, multicast, and IP addressing. Ad-hoc networking. Rapid device discovery. Deployable across global ISM bands, not just USA or EU. Improves network capacity. Real-time locating system support.

Real-Time Data CollectionSome IoT technologies achieve long battery life using huge time intervals between messages. Customers want their data when they want it and want to be able to “Google” their network for a diverse range of criteria and data types.

Preserve or Improve Long Range Messaging

Sounds obvious, but not all stacks can support the long range or cellular-like design of LPWAN’s with a fully two-way system that does not compromise battery life or network capacity.

Provide Maximum Practical Security & Privacy

This is a big topic, but a LPWAN stack must at a minimum support a) MAC-layer address encryption, b) AES, RSA, or ECC data encryption standards, and c) devices must remain silent until awoken by an authorized device.

Preserve or Improve Battery Life

It’s not enough to support long-range messaging. A stack must have a neutral or positive effect on battery life without compromising latency or range.

WHAT THIS STACK HAS TO DO(At a minimum)

Requirement 6lowPAN LoRaWAN Actility Linklabs Haystack/DASH7

Provide Robust Networking Features Yes Some Some Some Yes

Real-Time Data Collection No No No No Yes

Preserve or Improve Long Range Messaging No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Provide Maximum Practical Security & Privacy Yes No No No Yes

Preserve or Improve Battery Life No No No Some Yes

For a more detailed comparison, click here.

HOW TODAY’S STACKS MEET FUTURE LPWAN REQUIREMENTS

http://haystacktechnologies.com/?p=1568

• Combination of low-power, long-range, low-latency, high security, universal interoperability, and IP-like data model is unique to DASH7.

• Lower Layers provide low-power, long-range, low-latency, high security.

• Filesystem & Session are “glue” that provide universal interoperability. No Application Profiles

• Works with any application protocol that can ride on UDP, SCTP, or NDEF/NFC (e.g. CoAP, MQTT, AllJoyn… many others).

Lower Layers

Application Layer

Physical

Data Link

Networking (M2NP)

Transport (M2QP)Se

ssio

n M

odul

e

Standard Apps Custom Apps

ALP Framework

File

syst

em M

odul

e (M

2FS)

M2DEF

RF

UI (opt.)

BASIC ARCHITECTURE

some technical background on three important

haystack / dash7 features

24

Error Correction Technology None Reed Solomon

(RS Code) Voyager Code Turbocode LDPC

Used By SigFox, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, etc.

LoRa, Data Storage

Voyager 2,Haystack/DASH7 3G Cellular 4G Cellular

Signal Gain(10-6 BER) None 4 dB

(250%)8 dB

(630%)9 dB

(794%)9.5 dB(891%)

Supports Variable Length Packet Yes Yes Yes No No

Underlying Technology None

Iterated Base-32 RS Code

Concatenated Viterbi Code

with Base-256 RS Code

Fully Recursive Convolutional

Code

Low Density Parity Check

(LDPC)

Introduction Date 1850’s (Morse Code)

1960’s(Data Storage)

1980’s(NASA)

1990’s(Cellular)

2000’s (Cellular)

1. ERROR CORRECTION

25


(RS Code) Voyager Code


LoRa, Data Storage

Voyager 2,Haystack/

DASH7


(250%)8 dB

(630%)

Supports Variable Length Packet Yes Yes Yes







1980’s(NASA)

26

• Haystack developed the Voyager Code on ARM

• All things being equal, a message transmitted using DASH7 arrives in less than half the time of a LoRaWan message, or at worst 1/6th of a SigFox message.

• Reduce power by transmitting less.

• Increase capacity of cell by transmitting less.

1. ERROR CORRECTION

27

1. ERROR CORRECTION• Haystack developed the

Voyager Code on ARM

• All things being equal, a message transmitted using DASH7 arrives in less than half the time of a LoRaWan message, or at worst 1/6th of a SigFox message.

• Reduce power by transmitting less.

• Increase capacity of cell by transmitting less.


(RS Code) Voyager Code


LoRa, Data Storage

Voyager 2,Haystack/

DASH7


(250%)8 dB

(630%)

Supports Variable Length Packet Yes Yes Yes







1980’s(NASA)

If you like LPWAN’s but are concerned about channel capacity or possible tradeoffs between power consumption and network latency, here is a way to accelerate LPWAN message speeds while preserving

LPWAN’s low power profiles.

2. REAL-TIME DATA

1.

2.

3.4.

5.

• WAN Endpoints send data to base station at predefined intervals, at least 10 minutes.

• A cloud service buffers the data.

• User API is the cloud service, so user gets data that’s at least 10 minutes old.

2.

2.

2.2.

2.

• WAN base station can send bidirectional queries to any or all endpoints at any time.

• Queries typically run in 1-30 seconds.

• User API can schedule queries, so user can get data that is only seconds old.

SigFox & LoRaWANModel

DASH7Model

1.

2. REAL-TIME DATA

1.

2.

3.4.

5.

• WAN Endpoints send data to base station at predefined intervals, at least 10 minutes.

• A cloud service buffers the data.

• User API is the cloud service, so user gets data that’s at least 10 minutes old.

SigFox & LoRaWANModel

• Mobile Asset Tracking:10 minute old data is useless

• Public Safety Applications:10 minute old data is useless

• There Are Multiple WAN Operators:Difficult to know who’s cloud is proxying the data you care about.

• If Base Station is Mobile:Synchronized WAN model doesn’t even work for this.

This Model Fails For…

HOW DASH7 QUERIES WORK

30

When an endpoint (tag) gets a query request, the algorithm it uses for flow & congestion control is based on the quality of the query.

This is a technology unique to DASH7, which allows very large numbers of devices to coexist without interference.

OSI Layer

7 Application Core-apps + NDEF + UDP

6 Presentation

DASH7 Corelow power low latency

low cost

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link

1 Physical Long range, Low Power

Cor

e La

yers

Wor

k To

geth

er

for M

axim

um M

AC e

ffici

ency


DASH7 Applications vs. 6loWPAN ApplicationsDASH7 Apps Ask:

“What are you looking for?”6loWPAN Apps Ask:

“Who gets it?”

I need to find everyone, now, who wants to go to floor 10.

I need data from all sensors within 5 miles that check for vacant parking spaces.

All devices that came off the boat from Taipei shall go to RF Channel 04 and await further instructions.

Deliver a message to the device with address 05:85:245:192:96:0:147:1 to turn its lights off.

Deliver a message to the devices with group address 124:0:8:255:37:160:0:1 instructing them to report sensor logs.

Ping device 63:102:0:80:128:0:17:44 to see if it is still in the network.


DASH7 Applications vs. 6loWPAN ApplicationsDASH7 Apps Ask:

“What are you looking for?”6loWPAN Apps Ask:

“Who gets it?”

I need to find everyone, now, who wants to go to floor 10.

I need data from all sensors within 5 miles that check for vacant parking spaces.

All devices that came off the boat from Taipei shall go to RF Channel 04 and await further instructions.

Deliver a message to the device with address 05:85:245:192:96:0:147:1 to turn its lights off.

Deliver a message to the devices with group address 124:0:8:255:37:160:0:1 instructing them to report sensor logs.

Ping device 63:102:0:80:128:0:17:44 to see if it is still in the network.

If you envision a future with thousands or even millions of IoT nodes in a metropolitan area, here is a way to query many nodes without receiving thousands of unwanted messages from nodes that you never needed to

hear from in the first place

33

REAL-TIME MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE

LoRaWan Haystack / DASH7

Data Access Method Periodic Beacon Event-basedQuery

Data Latency: Best Case 2 minutes 1 second

Data Latency: Worst Case 4.5 hours 10 seconds

System power for Best Case Latency(150 mW active power) 1.05 mW 0.075 mW

Data Latency for equivalent power 34 minutes 1 second

3. A “HADOOP" FOR THE IOT

• It’s a non-relational distributed database engineered for sub-$1 microcontrollers.

• It’s built-into the data stack, so it works directly with DASH7 networking to provide unmatched data collection efficiency.

• Example: “Tell me the names and location of every cow on my ranch that has not moved in the past 8 hours”

• Example 2: “Send me a notification whenever a 3+ year old cow moves”

34

The DASH7 file system provides a consistent data model & API allows distribution of data and query jobs, interoperably, in real-time, across a WAN-full of Endpoints

DASH7 Data Stack

PHY/MAC/NET

Sessioning

Transport Layer

Applications

Filesystem






35


DASH7 Data Stack

PHY/MAC/NET

Sessioning

Transport Layer

Applications

Filesystem

A common file system for the IoT would allow us to potentially

spider & search an open IoT.






36


DASH7 Data Stack

PHY/MAC/NET

Sessioning

Transport Layer

Applications

FilesystemIf you ever envisioned an IoT with endpoints that are more like smart, data rich information servers than “dumb” terminals, here is the state-of-

the-art way of querying at the edge of the network while minimizing network latency, channel crowding, and unnecessary power

consumption.

so you can either play the lpwan

hunger games …

OR USE HAYSTACK & DASH7

1. Real Time Performance

2. Increased Range

3. Increased Battery Life

4. Increased Network Capacity

5. Increased Privacy and Security

6. More Use Case Options

7. Lower Costs

ABOUT OUR COMPANY1. Authors of the DASH7 specification, the most advanced low power

networking protocol available. Download it here.

2. Authors of OpenTag, the open source firmware stack for DASH7 that compiles into less than 20kb.

3. Creators of Haystack DASH7 developer tools, API’s, sample code, reference designs, and more.

4. Creators of HayTag (in development) and other DASH7 products.

5. Founders of the industry non-profit DASH7 Alliance.

www.haystacktechnologies.com

http://www.indigresso.com/_blog/?p=158

http://www.apple.com

http://www.haystacktechnologies.com


SEE YOU SOON!

Contact: Patrick [email protected]

@patdash7

see you

soon!

www.haystacktechnologies.com

mailto:[email protected]


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The IoT Hunger Games 2015