Internet of Things

Understanding the Internet of Things

The enabling technologies

The Road Ahead

The Industrial Internet

IOT for Developers

Internet of Things

I O T• Huge number of varied devices – ex: soil moisture

sensors, street lights, diesel generators will be connected

• The nature of data flow in the IoT• Machine-to-machine : Terse data, ex: moisture sensor on a

farmer’s field has one single value, needs to be updated few times in the day.

As opposed to : Human to machine : large chunks of data generated by machines and consumed by humans

The internet in the IOT

Massive number of end devices – will be producing / consuming huge dataIn the form of terse chirps.The majority of IoT end devices will, by design, be cheap, limited in power and memory, and rudimentary.IoT chirp-based traffic will be bundled, pruned, converted, and forwarded as necessary by Propagator nodes (will translate chirp packet into IP packet)

Enabling technologiesRFID (wireless) – uses radio frequency waves ex: consists of a tag (also known as a transponder) attached to the object being identified. The tag usually consists of an integrated circuit and an antenna. Another important module in the system is a reader. The reader queries the tag using radio frequency (RF) waves, and gets the identity of the tag via the RF waves.

PLC (Power line communication) – wired ex: transport the PLC signal through electric media is to add a modulated signal of low amplitude to the low voltage electrical signal around a center carrier frequency. There are two types of “indoor” PLC technologies that provide different rates depending on the frequency bands used. The full range of PLC equipment can offer any kind of modern network service through the power systems.

Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) -  IEEE 802.15.4 - The application space covers fields as diverse as building automation (security, heating-ventilation-air-conditioning (HVAC), Automated Meter Reading (AMR), lighting control, access control), industrial monitoring (asset management, process control, environment and energy management), body sensor networks (patient monitoring, fitness), home electronics (TV, VCR, DVD/CD, game console), computer interfacing (mouse, keyboard, joystick),

The New Age : The Industrial Internet

Consider the GE Evolution series locomotive – 73 ft long, 436,000 lbs wt, fuel tank of 5300 gallon capacity - Carries enormous loads of iron ore, grain etc- On any given day, 24000 such locomotives, move 36500

freight cars over 140,000 miles- GE is rolling out a suite of Industrial Internet tools for

these to improve efficiency. - Even a 1 % gain could translate into $2.8 billion in savings

annually

Intelligent Machines• New era of innovation and change• Convergence of machine and intelligent data• Convergence of global industrial system, power of advanced

computing, analytics, low-cost sensing and new levels of connectivity.

The futureCisco estimates that the Internet of Things will generate $14.4 trillion in economic activity in the next decade.

According to GE : About 46 percent of the global economy or $32.3 trillion in global output can benefit from the Industrial Internet.

Some of the major forums are focusing on this.

Ex:

2014 World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems - being held at Detroit , Sep 9 - Verizon’s Kevin Link will speak on a panel on the economics and partnerships driving connected cars 

A major theme of the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, was wearable computing

IoT for the Developer• C#, .NETMF, Python, java ME 8 – can be used for

embedded devices

Sensors and Actuators:

• Push new sensor measurement to Service• Write code to handle the incoming data and trigger

actuator

The tools•  .NET Micro Framework (NETMF) – Apache license, can be

used with Netduino plus, a NETMF board from Secret Labs• Has microcontroller, USB, Ethernet, 20 digital I/O pins, .NETMF

preprogrammed into Flash memory

• Arduino Platform and Python – Arduino is a popular prototyping platform, has many variants and come with the Arduino IDE (open source) with many inbuilt functions.

• Java ME 8• scalable, and flexible development and deployment environment for

the embedded space, including language, standards, platform, tools, security, scalability.

Java ME 8

 Oracle Java ME Embedded 8 (the Oracle implementation of the Java ME 8 standard) is now available in Early Access form for the Raspberry Pi Model B (ARM11) and STMicroelectronics STM32F4DISCOVERY (ARM Cortex-M4) platforms.

ReferencesBooks• Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting Everything

by Francis daCosta, Apress• The Internet of Things: Connecting Objects by Hakima Chaouchi• Getting Started with the Internet of Things by Cuno Pfister, Maker Media, Inc.,

John Wiley & Sons• Python programming for Arduino by Pratik Desai, Packt Publishing

Technical Articles• http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html• http://www.netmf.com/Home.aspx• http://www.raspberrypi.org/

Case Studies:• http://

www.fastcompany.com/3031272/can-jeff-immelt-really-make-the-world-1-better• http://www.ge.com/stories/industrial-internet