Stem Cell: A Dynamic Future of dentistry

By : Dr. Rajat Sachdeva

Stem cells are unique type of cells that have specialized capacity

for self-renewal and potency. They are originated in multi cellular

organisms. Stem cells therapy offers an eye catching alternative to

more conventional restorative approaches because the affected

tissue is replaced by natural tissue, which forms a major part of

the tooth.

They are divided into two types:

• Embryonic STEM CELL

•ADULT STEM CELL.

“A Extracted tooth is more valuable than a diamond.”

•First research works into stem cells

done by Ernest A. McCulloch and James

E. Till (1960s) at the University of

Toronto. Around all over world stem

cell therapy are used & also expanding

the glory of stem cell to regenerate/ treat

our oral cavity as well as other diseases.

•Stem cells also regenerates enamel,

dentin, dental pulp, cementum,

periodontal ligament, craniofacial bones,

the temporomandibular joint, ligaments,

skeletal muscles, tendons, skin,

subcutaneous soft tissue, and salivary

glands .

Characterstics of Stem Cells:

•Totipotency: Produce all types of cells as well as germ cells

•Pluripotency: Produce all types of cells apart from cells of

the embryonic membrane

•Multipotency: Distinguish into more than one adult cell

•Unipotency: produce one particular cell type

How we collect stem cell

Stem cells can be separated into three groups of teeth:

•Deciduous Teeth: The healthy pulps of deciduous teeth are a rich

source of viable stem cells.

•Wisdom Teeth: The healthy pulp from wisdom teeth is a further

exceptional source for workable stem cells. Entire or sectioned

divisions of third molars containing healthy pulp can be recovered

at the time of their exclusion. The pulp is often exposed if an

impacted third molar needs to be sectioned for removal.

• Permanent teeth: Healthy pulp from all the permanent teeth are

potential resource of stem cells.

Different Areas For Oral & Maxillofacial Areas

• Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)

• Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)

• Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs)

• Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP)

• Dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs)

Simple Steps To Preserve Dental Stem Cells

With today’s requirement we have to preserve stem cells as a

safeguard for better medical facilities like:

•Extracted wisdom tooth containing stem cells placed in a screw

top vial containing an appropriate media, which nourishes it

during transport. Within 40hrs, it should reach in the processing

lab.

•Dental stem cell banking

•Milk teeth around 5-12 years, in shedding period we can

collecting them.

•You can also have extracted adolescent premolars while putting

'braces'

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