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WHAT IS SPHERE…. . .? Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in
Humanitarian Response Initiated by a Group of NGOs & ICRC/RC in 1997Editions First trial edition 1998 First final edition 2000 Second edition 2004 Third edition 2011 (Present Edition )Aim of the Project
“The aim of the Handbook is to improve thequality of humanitarian response in situations
of disaster and conflict, and to enhance theaccountability of the humanitarian system to
disaster-affected people”2
WHAT IS SPHERE…. . .?CORE BELIEFS
First, that those affected by disaster or conflicthave a right to life with dignity and, therefore, a
right to assistance; and
Second, that all possible steps should be taken toalleviate human suffering arising out of disasteror conflict.
3
LIST OF MINIMUM STANDARDS Minimum Standards in Water Supply, Sanitation
and Hygiene Promotion
Minimum Standards in Food Security andNutrition
Minimum Standards in Shelter, Settlement andnon-Food Items
Minimum Standards in Health Action4
MINIMUM STANDARDS IN WATER SUPPLY,SANITATION AND HYGIENE PROMOTION
This chapter is divided into SEVEN main sections;1. Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
(WASH)2. Hygiene Promotion3. Water Supply4. Excreta Disposal5. Vector Control6. Solid Waste Management (SWM)7. Drainage
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SECTION COMPONENTS
Each section contains the following:
Minimum standards: These are qualitative in nature andspecify the minimum levels to be attained in humanitarianresponse regarding the provision of water, sanitation andhygiene promotion
Key actions: These are suggested activities and inputs tohelp meet the standards
Key indicators: These are ‘signals’ that show whether astandard has been attained. They provide a way of measuringand communicating the processes and results of key actions;they relate to the minimum standard, not to the key action
Guidance notes: These include specific points to considerwhen applying the minimum standards, key actions and keyindicators in different situations They provide guidance ontackling practical difficulties, benchmarks or advice onpriority issues. They may also include critical issues relatingto the standards, actions or indicators, and describe dilemmas,controversies or gaps in current knowledge. 6
SECTION: HYGIENE PROMOTION
Standard 1: Hygiene promotion implementationGuideline: Two hygiene promoters / community
mobilisers per 1,000 members of the affectedpopulation (Camp Scenario)
Standard 2: Identification and use of hygieneitems
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SECTION: WATER SUPPLY CONT…
Standard 2: Water Quality Implement all necessary steps to minimize post-
deliver y water contamination (Hygienepromotion)
For piped water supplies, or all water supplies attimes of risk of diarrheal epidemics, usedisinfectant so that there is a chlorine residual of0.5mg/l and turbidity is below 5 NTU
Where household-level water treatment isproposed, ensure that it is accompanied byappropriate promotion, training and monitoring
There are no faecal coliforms per 100ml of waterat the point of deliver y and use (INDICATOR) 10
SECTION 5. VECTOR CONTROL Standard 1: Individual and family protection
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Standard 2: Physical, Environmental and ChemicalProtection Measures
Standard 3: Chemical Control Safety