PERIODONTAL

INSTRUMENTS &

INSTRUMENTATION

SEYED VAHID MALEK HOSSEINI

PERIDONTAL INSTRUMENTS classification:

1. PERIODONTAL PROBES

2. EXPLORERS

3. SCALING, ROOT-PLANING & CURETTAGE

4. PERIODONTAL ENDOSCOPE

5. CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENTS

PARTS OF INSTRUMENT

CLASSIFICATION

• PERIODONTAL PROBES

used to locate, measure and mark pockets as well as

determine their course on individual tooth surfaces

NABERS PROBE• TAPERED ROD LIKE INSTRUMENT CALIBERATED

IN MILLIMETERS, WITH A BLUNT ROUND TIP

• FURCATION AREAS BEST EVALUATED BY THE CURVED BLUNT NABERS PROBE

• PLASTIC PROBES IN CASE OF IMPLANTS

• PROBE IS INSERTED WITH A FIRM GENTLE PRESSURE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POCKET. SHANK SHOULD ALLIGN WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH

PERIDONATAL PROBES

A. Marquis colour coded probe

B. Unc-15 probe

C. University of Michigan “o” probe

D. Michigan “o” probe with marking 3, 6 and 8

E. W.H.O. probe

walking

Interproximal probing

EXPLORERS

to locate calculus deposites and caries

EXPLORERS

SCALING, ROOT-PLANING AND

CURETTAGE INSTRUMENTS-

• for removal of plaque and calcified deposites from crown

and root of tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface, and debridement of the soft

tissue lining the pocket.

1-Curettes

2-sicle

3-periodontal files

4-chisel

5-hoe

Type of scalers:

SICKLE SCALERS / SUPRAGINGIVAL

SCALERS

• USED TO REMOVE LARGE CALCULUS DEPOSITS FROM THE ENAMEL SURFACE

• USED WITH A PULL STROKE

3 large siclesu 15/30 ball indiana uni

medium-size blades

The Jaquette sickle scalers #1, 2, and 3

SICKEL SCALERS 204

Nevi 2

Supra gingival calculus in posterior areas

Question ?

Why supragingival ?

curettes

Curettes- for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal

of the soft tissue lining the pocket

All curettes share the same common elements:

Rounded back

Rounded toe

Semi-circular cross section

• CURETTES ARE OF TWO TYPES

1.UNIVERSAL

2.AREA SPECIFIC

• UNIVERSAL CURETTES

-USED IN ANY AREA

-BOTH CUTTING EDGES USED

-CURVED IN ONE PLANE

-FACE OF BLADE AT 90 DEGREE TO SHANK

• AREA SPECIFIC

-USED IN SPECIFIC AREAS

-ONE CUTTING EDGE USED

-CURVED IN TWO PLANE

OFFSET BLADE

universal

curves

Universals

curettes #1-2 and 5-6 and the Columbia curettes

#13-14, 2R-2L, and 4R-4L

Younger-Good #7-8

, McCall’s #17-18,

and the Indiana University #17-18

CURETTES

Gracy curettes

GRACEY CURETTES

1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH

5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH &

PREMOLARS

7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL-

POSTERIORS

11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS

13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS

Modifications

15- 16 mod of 11-12 17-18 mod of 13-14

Gracy chart

After five curettes

3mm

Designed for instrumentation in deeper

periodontal pockets.

The terminal shank is elongated 3mm to

provide better clearance around crowns, and superior access to root contours and

pockets 5mm or more in depth.

Blade thinned by 10% to ease gingival

insertion and reduce tissue distention.

Mini five Designed with the same elongated terminal

shank and thinned blades as the After Five Gracey Curettes.

50% shorter blade for access to smaller roots, narrow pockets, furcations, and developmental grooves.

Gracey curvettes

Mini blade

length of these instruments is 50% shorter than that of the conventional Gracey

blade has been curved slightly upward

curvature also carries the risk of gouging or

“grooving”

Gracey curvettes

Gracey curvettes

the Sub-0 and the #1-2 are used for anterior teeth andpremolars,

the #11-12 is used for posterior mesial surfaces, and the

#13-14 for posterior distal surfaces

Langer and Mini-Langer Curettes

CHISEL SCALERS• IT IS DESIGNED FOR THE PROXIMAL SURFACE OF TEETH TOO CLOSELY

SPACED TO PERMIT THE USE OF OTHER SCALERS

• IT IS USUALLY USED IN ANTERIOR PART OF THE MOUTH

• CHISEL INSERTED FROM FACIAL SURFACE

• INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A PUSH MOTION WHILE THE SIDE SIDE OF

THE BLADE IS HELD FIRMLY AGAINST THE ROOT

HOE SCALERS• HOE SCALERS ARE USED FOR SCALING OF LEDGES OR

RINGS CALCULUS

• BLADE IS BENT AT 99 ANGLE

• CUTTING EDGE BEVELED AT 45 DEGREE

• BLADE IS SLIGHT BOWED SO THAT IT CAN MAINTAIN TWO

CONTACT AT TWO POINTS ON A CONVEX SURFACE

• THE BLADE IS INSERTED TO THE BASE OF THE

PERIDONTAL POCKET SO THAT IT MAKES TWO POINT

CONTACT WITH THE TOOTH .THIS STABLIZES THE

INSTRUMENT AND PREVENT NICKING OF THE ROOT.

• THE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A FIRM PULL

STROKE TOWARD THE CROWN,

Hoe scalers

Hoe scaler

McCall’s #3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are a set of six hoe scalers designed to provide access to all tooth surfaces.

3.4.5 for anrerior and premolar

7.8.9 for posterior

FILES• THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO

FRACTURE OR CRUSH LARGE DEPOSITE OF

TENACIOUS CALCULUS

• FILES CAN EASILY ROUGHEN ROOT

SURFACES WHEN USED IMPROPERLY

THEREFORE, THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR FINE

SCALING

• MINI BLABE CURETTE ARE NOW

PREFERRED

Excess force May cause gouging or “grooving”

Schwartz Periotriever

The long blade is for general use in pockets, and the contra-angled tip is for use in furcations

Plastic Instruments for Implants.

QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES

The Quétin furcation curettes are actually hoes with a shallow, half-moon radius that fits into the roof or floor of the furcation

QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES

The BL1 (buccal-lingual) and MD1 (mesial-distal) instruments are small and fine, with a 0.9-mmblade width.forroot planning

The BL2 and MD2 instruments are larger and wider,with a 1.3-mm blade width.

For scaling

DIAMOND COATED FILES

UNIQUE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FINAL FINISHING OF ROOT SURFACES

QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES

HOES WITH A SHALLOW, HALF MOON RADIOUS THAT FITS INTO ROOF OR

FLOOR OF FURCATION & DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS OF ROOT SURFACE

ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS• USED FOR REMOVING PLAQUE, STAINS, FOR

SCALING & CURETTAGE

2 TYPES-MAGNECTOSTRICTIVE & PIEZOELECTRIC

• ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS GENERATES

OSCILLATIONS THAT CAUSES SCALER TIP TO

VIBRATE

• 20,000-45,000 CYCLES PER SEC

• IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, PATTERN OF VIBRATION

IS ELLIPTICAL- ALL SIDES OF THE TIP ARE

ACTIVE

• IN PIEZOELECTRIC, VIBRATION IS LINEAR- TWO

SIDES OF TIP ARE ACTIVE

CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENT

eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape,

air-powder abrasive system

Periodonal endoscopy

subgingival exploration

This device allows clear visualization deeply into

subgingival pockets and furcations

To evaluate subgingival areas for caries, defective restorations, root fractures,andresorption.

Question?

answer.

Gracy curettes