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Knowledge on first aid and practices in Emergencies among
three wheeler drivers
Kasthuriarachchi H.I. (Presenting) Silva S.N. *
1. Diploma student of Nursing; International Institute of Health Sciences.
2. (* Supervisor) : Medical officer; National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Contents
• Introduction• Objectives• Methodology• Results• Discussion• Recommendations• Acknowledgement• References
Introduction
• Traumatic injuries are the most leading cause for hospitalizations in Sri Lanka (Annual Health Bulletin 2012).
RTA Data for 2014
Introduction • Approximately 1500 people acquire spinal cord injuries annually (SLSCoN 2010).
Introduction
• 929,495 three wheelers registered in 2014
Introduction
• Why it is so important first aid • Strengthen first responders and pre-hospital
trauma care providers (WHO 2007)• Transport the injured person to a hospital,
especially if emergency medical service is not available.
• Most common method to transport injured people (Pallavisarji 2013).
Introduction
Objectives
Specific objectives • To assess the knowledge based on the first aid at emergencies • To assess the first aid practice among three wheeler drivers
Methodology • Study design – Cross sectional quantitative research
using descriptive study design • Population – People in Uswetakeiyawa, Sri Lanka in
August 2014• Sample – 150 of three wheeler drivers among age
group of 20-65 years Gampaha, Sri Lanka in October 2015.
• Sampling method- Convenient sampling method• Data collection instrument - Interviewer
administered questionnaire • Analysis method – Descriptive and analytical statistics
Results
• Background Age distribution
Results • First aid practice
Results • Frequency of transporting traumatic patients
Results • Patient transferring methods
Transferring mode
Number of responses
Cradle 52%
Human crutch 38%
Lift 26%
Stretcher 38%
Results
• Reasons for not applying first aid practices
Reasons for not applying first aid practices
Responses
No knowledge 30%
Fear 35%
No equipment 19%
Legal problem 54%
Results • Recovery position
Results • Spinal injury suspicion
Aware Not aware
Height 83% 17%Age > 65 79% 21%Tingling sensations
44% 56%
Neck pain 52% 48%Neck trauma 58% 42%Facial trauma 37% 63%
Trauma to back 80% 20%
Limb weakness 45% 55%
Results
• Further prevention for a Spinal injury
First aid practice Responses
Cradle 3%
Stretcher 87%
Stabilizing head 32%
Log rolling 7%
Results • Bleeding
Results
• Assessing Pulse confidence
Results
• Fracture further prevention
Discussion• 74% of the respondents transported the victims to
the hospitals in contrast to study in India where most common aid provided was calling an ambulance (Pallavisarji 2013).
• 87% had knowledge on correct position of victim transportation but many didn’t know the transferring method of a victim (7%) and features of spinal injury.
• 71% tried to control the bleeding but many didn’t know the correct method of bleeding control (28%).
Recommendations
• Community-based first aid training programs will help to provide care and improve outcomes for injured persons.
• Awareness programs may enhance the pre hospital care and minimize complications by using proper first aid practices.
• Promoting Three Wheelers as Ambulances – “Tuk Tuk Ambulance”
Tuk Tuk ambulances
Acknowledge
• Special thanks goes to Dr. Kithsiri, Dr. Nishan, Dr. Madushani for help in every hands.
• This project was made possible and successful with the help of the interviewers.
• Thankfulness to my parents, colleagues and all of the people who helped me.
References Ali J et al.Trauma outcome improves following the advanced trauma life support program in a developing country. Journal of Trauma, 1993, 34:898–9. Ali J et al. Effect of the prehospital trauma life support program (PHTLS) on prehospital trauma care. Journal of Trauma, 1997, 42:786–90.American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Surgeons. Equipment for ambulances, 2000 (http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/ambulance_equip.pdf, accessed11 March 2005).Angus DC et al. Recommendations for life supporting first aid training of the lay public for disaster preparedness. Prehospital Disaster Medicine, 1993, 8:157–60.Bazzoli GJ.Community-based trauma system development: key barriers and facilitating factors. Journal of Trauma, 1999, 47(Suppl. 3):S22–S24.Bossaert LL.The complexity of comparing different EMS systems: a survey of EMS systems in Europe. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1993, 22:99–102.Campbell JE. Basic trauma life support for paramedics and other advanced providers, 4 th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Brady/Prentice Hall Health, 2000.Carney CJ. Prehospital care – a UK perspective. British Medical Bulletin, 1999, 55:757–66.Chawla R. Need for trauma care programmes in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1999, 77: 948–49.
