HUMAN SKELETON SYSTEM

MADE BYAMENA AMIR

SOME IMPORTANT BONES

SkullClavicle Vertebrae columnRadius UlnaCarpalMetacarpalRibs

PhalangesTarsalMetatarsalFemurTibiaFibulaPelvisHumerusPatella

SKELETONS

The skeleton is a entire collection of bones in our

body.Our skeleton protects the

vital organs such as the brain,lungs,heart etc.

Without the skeleton it would be impossible to

move.

Our skeleton makes new blood cells to maintain a

healthy bloodstream.When we are born we

have around 350 bones as we grow our bones get fused together and this

makes it 206 bones.

SKELETONS• The human skeleton can be

divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the pectoral girdles, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

• The human skeleton serves six major functions; support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of ions and endocrine regulation.

• The pelvis in female skeletons is also different from that of males in order to facilitate child birth.

SKELETONS

• The axial skeleton which has 80 bones is formed by the vertebral column and the skull.

• The bones of the spine are supported by many ligaments. The erectors spine muscles are also supporting and are useful for balance.

• The vertebral column consists of 5 parts. The most cranial (uppermost) part is made up by the cervical vertebras (7), followed by thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (4-5) and coccygeal vertebras (3-4). Cervical vertebras make up the junction between the vertebral column and the cranium.

SKELETONS• The appendicular skeleton

(126 bones) is formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle or pelvis, and the lower limbs. Their functions are to make locomotion possible and to protect the major organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction.

• The joints between bones allow movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others, e.g. the ball and socket joint allows a greater range of movement than the pivot joint at the neck.

• The skeleton provides the framework which supports the body and maintains its shape

SKELETONS

• The smallest bone in the human body is located in the ear; they are the 'stapes', the 'incus', and the 'malleus‘

• The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow.

• The largest organ in the human body is the femur which is found in the thigh and has been known to reach lengths of 50 centimetres. This is the bone that enables most vertebrates to walk and jump.

SKELETON PROTECTION

• The skeleton protects many vital organs:• The skull protects the brain, the eyes, and the

middle and inner ears.• The vertebrae protect the spinal cord.• The rib cage, spine, and sternum protect the

lungs, heart and major blood vessels• The clavicle and scapula protect the shoulder.

SKELETON PROTECTION

• The ilium and spine protect the digestive and urogenital systems and the hip.

• The patella and the ulna protect the knee and the elbow respectively.

• The carpals and tarsals protect the wrist and ankle respectively.

JOINTS

• There are two types of joints1) Moveable Joints2) Fixed Joints

JOINTS

Moveable Joints• There are four types of

movable joints in the body. The joints include; ball and socket, hinge joint , gliding joints, pivot joints. There are also two joints that are major but movable which include ; condyloid joints and saddle joint are the movable joints in the body.

Fixed Joints• Fixed joints do not allow

this flexibility, and this is the case with the human skull.

• These joints are also called "fixed" or "immoveable" joints, because they do not move. These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints

QUIZ TIME

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Our _________ protects our vital organs. Our skeleton protects our vital organs.The human skeleton is divided into _______ parts. The human skeleton is divided into two parts.The axial skeleton has ____ bonesThe axial skeleton has 80 bones.

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Q1. What does the skull protect?Ans. The skull protects the brain , the eyes and the inner and middle ears.Q2. Name two joints?Ans. Piviot Joints and Saddle Joints.Q3. Which bone protects the heart and lungs?Ans. The Ribs.