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Dr. abhilash singh thakur
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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Income status
physical living conditions
early child development
Gender
nutrition
Health services available
education
social security measures
Getting better/ more health care protection for
as many people as possible at the lowest
possible cost.
19th centuryBEFORE AFTER
VOLUNTARY WORKTRADITIONAL METHODSmagical and religious beliefsMEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT AND HERBS
Birth of preventive medicineRise of public healthSanitary awakeningCurative medicine Social medicine
CHANGING CONCEPTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Disease control phase Health promotional phase
Social engineering phase.
Health for all phase
1600s-Introduction of western medicine in India. First medical officers arrive along with the British East India Company.
1664 madras general hospital is the 1st hospital opened in India.
Superintendent General of Vaccination in India is appointed
1820- discovery of the smallpox vaccine
Educational institutes 1823 jawahar lal institute of
postgraduate medical education & research (JIPMER) is founded. It's the oldest to teach European medicine in Asia.
1835 Calcutta medical college is established- 1ST MEDICAL COLLEGE
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
1956 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences(AIIMS) are founded with a first college in New Delhi. These institutes are declared institute of national importance by the Act of Parliament
2012 All India Institute of Medical Sciences expand to six locations
1962 Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Researches established. Today listed as an institute of national importance
acts 1873 Birth and Death Registration
Act 1880 compulsory vaccination of children
act vaccinations :plague; smallpox 1897 Epidemic Diseases Act
Universal immunization program
1985 in massive vaccination for nine diseases tuberculosis diphtheria pertussis (whooping cough), tetnus poliomyelitis measles hepatitis b japanese encephalitis pneumonia
Mission indradhanush 2014 Mission indradhanush with the purpose of
immunizing all children against preventable diseases,
tuberculosis diphtheria tetnus poliomyelitis measles hepatitis b pneumonia
2020
Cholera outbreaks and pandemics
First, 1816–26Second, 1829–51 Third, 1852–1860Fourth, 1863–1875 Fifth, 1881–1896 Sixth, 1899–1923Seventh, 1961–1975Notable outbreaks (1991–2009Notable outbreaks (2010–present
1978 vaccination against polio started in with expanded program on immunization (EPI)
1995 pulse polio program to eradicate poliomyelitis by vaccinating all children under the age of five years
The last reported cases of wild polio in India were in West Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January 2011.
On 27 March 2014, the world health organization (WHO) declared India a polio free country.
1939 tuberculosis foundation of India 1997 revised national tuberculosis control
Program (RNTCP) aims at achieving universal access to control services
DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), also known as TB-DOTS, is the name given to the tuberculosis control strategy recommended by the World health organization
TB-Mission 2020
National Malaria Control Programme -April 1953. ambitious National Malaria Eradication
Programme -1958 implementation of urban malaria scheme
(UMS) -1971-72
plague 1994 plague in India was an outbreak
of bubonic and pneumonic plague in south-central and southwestern India from August 26 to October 18, 1994
1831 Bonallu celebration for eradication of plague in twin cities.
FAMILY PLANING
The national family planning programme was launched in 1951
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing family planning related government plans in India. An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services in India
1951 13%
1997 35%
2009 48%
1970 Balwadi Nutrition Programme to provide food supplements
at Balwadis to children of the age group 3–6 years in rural areas.
Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC) and optimal feeding in Low Birth Weight infants SUB DIVISION OF NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION
-
TO improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group 0-6 years;
to lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child;
to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school drop out;
sanitation 1870 central sanitary department is formed 1912 Government of India sanctions the
appointment of Deputy Sanitary Commissioners and Health Officers with the local bodies and releases funds for sanitation
1986- national rural sanitation policy In 1999, a restructured Total Sanitation Campaign
(TSC) 2008 OCT-NATIONAL URBAN SANITATION POLCY providing subsidies to people to construct
sanitation facilities.
goal
2012- Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. target for reaching total
sanitation was changed from 2012 to 2022
2014 OCT 2 -Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
2012. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. target for reaching total sanitation was changed from 2012 to 2022
1925 National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH)
1982 national mental health program as part sub division of national health mission.
In 1947- Fifteen mental hospitals with 10,000 beds for 400 million
1.Prevention and treatment of mental and neurological disorders and their associated disabilities.
2. Use of mental health technology to improve general health services.
3. Application of mental health principles in total national development to improve quality of life.
Regulatory bodies
1940 Drugs Act
1938 Bombay Medical
Practitioner's Act
1933 Medical Council of
India
1947 Indian Nursing Council
Act,
1953 Delhi Nursing Home Registration
Act
1970 Indian Medical Central
Council Act
HEALTH INURNCE Aim; to cut Catastrophic Health
Expenditure (CHE) Launched in 1986 2000 Insurance Regulatory and
Development Act (IRDA) opens up the market with the invitation for registration applications
EMPLOYEES HEALTH SCHEME 1948 Employees' State Insurance
Scheme (ESIS) is launched with the objective of achieving universal health coverage. Targeted at employees with income less than Rs 15000/month and dependents
Central Government Health Scheme:1954 Health comprehensive medical care facilities to Central Government employees and their family members
Life style Preventive policy 2002–2005 Tobacco cessation clinic
program 2015 JUNE 21 INTERNATIONAL YOGA DAY
Privatization 1983 Apollo Hospitals 1976 Aravind Eye Hospitals chain is opened
by Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy as a network of eye hospitals
1990 Pharmaceutical Company Wockhardt opens its first medical center
1996 Fortis Healthcare. 2000–presentOrganization (hospital chain)
Narayana Health system is opened.
1953 Manipal Hospitals is founded as a part of the Manipal Education and Medical Group (MEMG)
State health policy 2004 Deen Dayal Antyoday Upchar Yojna
scheme by the government of Madhya Pradesh to provide free health care to poor families
2007 Government of Andhra Pradesh the Aarogya sri program in order to provide no cost coverage of hospitalization for all those below the poverty line
NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH MISSION
2013 MAY 1ST National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a sub-mission of National Health Mission (NHM) has been 1st May 2013.
OBJ: to meet health care needs of the urban population with the focus on urban poor,
essential primary health care services reducing their out of pocket expenses for treatment. strengthening the existing health care service
delivery system, targeting the people living in slums converging with various schemes relating to wider
determinants of health like drinking water, sanitation, school education, etc.
NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION
1939 first Rural Health Training Center is established near Calcutta
TO address the health needs of under-served rural area
initially tasked with addressing the health needs of 18 states that had been identified as having weak public health indicators.
Primary health centers are the cornerstone of the rural health care system.
2011Program launch (healthcare coverage)The National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) scheme is launched with the objective of providing the elderly an easy access to primary healthcare
CHALENGESUrban India is fast becoming a disease capital with the increase in lifestyle diseases like cardiovascular complaints, diabetes mellitus and cancer.
Rural India is seeing a sharp increase in non-communicable life style diseases like Respiratory Tract Infections.
urban and rural India are faced with communicable diseases like tuberculosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (including HIV/AIDS), dysentery and typhoid.
Health care is a basic Human Right.
Healthy living conditions and access to good quality health care for all citizens are not only basic human rights, but also essential prerequisites for social and economic development