Disc Replacement

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What is disc?

• The disc is the soft cushioning structure located between the

individual bones of the spine, called “vertebra.”

• It is made of cartilage-like tissue and consists of an outer

portion, called the annulus, and an inner portion, called the

nucleus.

• In most cases, the disc is flexible enough to allow the spine to

bend.

What is Herniated Disc?

• It is known as slipped disc, bulging disc.

• Caused by wear and tear of the disc

• May result from trauma or injury to the spine.

• It can occur in any part of the spine.

• Most common in the neck (cervical)

and lower back (lumbar) spine.

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Stages of Herniated Disc?

• Disc Degeneration: With age the intervertebral discs weaken

due to chemical changes. The aging process can cause the disc

to dry out, making it less able to absorb the shock from

movements. Disc can also become thinner in this stage.

• Prolapse: The position of the disc changes with some slight

impingement into the spinal canal or spinal nerves. This stage

is also called a bulging disc or protruding disc.

• Extrusion: The gel-like nucleus pulposus (inner part of the

intervertebral disc) breaks through the tire-like wall (annulus

fibrosus) but remains within the disc.

• Sequestration or Sequestered Disc: The nucleus pulposus

breaks through the annulus fibrosus and can move outside the

interverterbral disc and into the spinal canal.

Disc Replacement• An artificial disc is implanted into the spine to imitate the

functions of a normal disc.

• Total Disc Replacement - all or most of the disc tissue is

removed and replaced.

• Disc Nucleus Replacement - only the center of the disc is

removed and replaced with an implant.

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Criteria for Disc replacement

• Numbness or tingling in the shoulder

or arm.

• Pain that radiates down the arm to the

hand or fingers.

• Impair ability to lift or hold items.

• Intense pain in the buttocks, thigh,

calf, shoulder and arm

• Difficulty in standing or walking.

Diagnosis for Disc Replacement

• Electromyography (EMG): To determine the exact nerve root

that is involved.

• Myelogram: To determine the size and location of disk

herniation.

• Physical Examination

• CT scan, MRI

• Spine X-Rays

How to Treat Disc Replacement

Non Surgical Procedure

• Physiotherapy & Exercise - includes ice and heat therapy,

gentle massage, stretching and neck traction.

• Cervical traction

• Bracing

Surgical Procedure

1. Anterior cervical discectomy and spine fusion: This

involves partial disc removal to relieve nerve pressure.

2. Laminectomy: The broken pieces or the entire disc is

removed and replaced with prosthetic components.

– It is performed on the cervical, thoracic or lumbar portion

of the spine.

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