DIABETES

BY:SARANYA

CONTENTS▪ INTRODUCTION▪DIABETES▪ TYPES OF DIABETES▪SYMPTOMS▪CAUSES▪PREVENTION▪ FACTS▪CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION▪Diabetes can strike anyone, from any

walk of life.▪Worldwide, it afflicts more than 380 million people. Today, diabetes takes

more lives than AIDS and breast cancer combined. It is a leading cause

of blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart failure and

stroke. Living with diabetes places an enormous emotional, physical and

financial burden on the entire family. ▪Diabetes is a long-term condition that

causes high blood sugar.

CONTINUATION▪When you eat, your body turns food into sugars, or glucose. At

that point, your pancreas is supposed to release insulin.  

▪Insulin serves as a “key” to open your cells, to allow the glucose to

enter and allow you to use the glucose for energy.  

▪But with diabetes, this system does not work.  

BUT WHAT EXACTLY IS DIABETES??

?

DIABETES▪WELL, Diabetes, often referred to by

doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic

diseases in which the person has high blood sugar.

▪Either because insulin production is scarce, or because the body's cells

do not respond properly to insulin, or both.

▪Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience frequent urination, they will become

increasingly thirsty and hungry.

TYPES OF DIABETES▪ There are two types of diabetes:Type 1 and

Type 2.▪ Type 1 diabetes ,accounts for 5 to 10 out of 100

people who have diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. Without

insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar ,which they need to produce energy.

▪ Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age. It most commonly becomes apparent during adulthood. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority

of people who have diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body isn't able to use insulin the right way. This is called insulin resistance. As type 2 diabetes gets worse, the pancreas may

make less and less insulin. This is called insulin deficiency.

HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?

SYMPTOMS▪ A condition known as prediabetes that often leads

to type 2 diabetes also produces no symptoms. Type 2 diabetes and its symptoms develop slowly.

▪ Type 1 diabetes can go unnoticed but is less likely to do so. The most common symptoms are related

to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), especially the classic symptoms of diabetes:

frequent urination and thirst. Fatigue related to dehydration and eating problems can also be

related to high blood sugars.

CAUSES▪Other Genetic Diseases.

▪Diabetes occurs in people with Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome at

higher rates than the general population.

▪Damage to or Removal of the Pancreas.▪Pancreatitis, cancer, and trauma can all harm the pancreatic beta cells or impair insulin production, thus causing diabetes. If the damaged pancreas is removed, diabetes will occur due to the loss of the

beta cells.

▪Lipodystrophy▪ Lipodystrophy is a condition in which fat tissue is

lost or redistributed in the body. The condition is associated with insulin resistance and type 2

diabetes.

CONTINUATION

▪Frequent urination▪Disproportionate thirst▪Weight gain▪Intense hunger▪Unusual weight loss▪Blurred vision▪Itchy skin

PREVENTION▪Type 1 diabetes can't be

prevented. However, the same healthy lifestyle choices that help treat prediabetes, type 2

diabetes and gestational diabetes can also help prevent

them:▪Eat healthy foods.

▪Get more physical activities.▪Lose excess pounds.

▪Sleep properly.

DIABETES PREVENTION LOGO

FACTS

▪About one third of all people with diabetes do not know they have the

disease.▪Type 2 diabetes often does not have

any symptoms.▪Only about five percent of all people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.

▪If you are at risk, type 2 diabetes can be prevented with moderate weight

loss (10–15 pounds) and 30 minutes of moderate physical activity (such as

brisk walking) each day.▪A meal plan for a person with diabetes

isn’t very different than that which is recommended for people without

diabetes.

▪Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults.

▪People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart disease than someone

without diabetes.▪Good control of diabetes significantly

reduces the risk of developing complications and prevents

complications from getting worse.▪Bariatric surgery can reduce the

symptoms of diabetes in obese people.▪Diabetes costs $174 billion annually, including $116 billion in direct medical

expenses.

CONCLUSION▪Diabetes is a slow killer with no known curable

treatments. However, its complications can be reduced through proper awareness and timely

treatment. ▪ Three major complications are related to

blindness, kidney damage and heart attack. It is important to keep the blood glucose levels of

patients under strict control for avoiding the complications.

▪One of the difficulties with tight control of glucose levels in the blood is that such

attempts may lead to hypoglycemia that creates much severe complications than an

increased level of blood glucose.▪Researchers now look for alternative methods

for diabetes treatment.