OPTHALMOLOGY

OPTHALMOLOGY?

Ophthalmology is a branch

of medicine that deals

with the anatomy,

physiology and diseases of

the “eye ball”.

VARIOUS PARTS OF THE EYE WITH

THEIR FUNCTION

Cornea: the cornea is the clear outer part of

the eye’s focusing system located at the front of

the eye.

Iris: the iris is the colored part of the eye that

regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Lens: the lens is a clear part of the eye behind

the iris that helps to focus light or an image on the

retina.

Pupil: The pupil is the opening at the centre of

the iris. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil and

controls the and controls the amount of light that

can enter the eye.

Retina: The retina is the light sensitive tissue

at the back of the eye. The retina converts light

into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain

through the optic nerve.

Vitreous gel: The vitreous gel is a

transparent, colorless mass that fills the rear two

thirds of the eye ball, between the lens and the

retina.

CONTD..

Macula: The macula is the small ,

sensitive area of the retina that gives

central vision. It is located in the centre of

the retina.

Optic nerve: Optic nerve is the largest

sensory nerve of the eye. It carries

impulses for sight from the retina to the

brain.

CONTD..

IMAGE FORMATION BY THE

EYE

Refraction of light by the cornea

- Eye collects light, focuses on

retina and then forms images

COMMON OPTHALMIC

DISORDERS

Chalazion

Stye

Bleharitis

Dacryocystitis

Orbital cellulitis

Conjunctivitis

Glaucoma

Opthalmia neonatorum

CHALAZIONChalazion is a chronic and focal granulomatous

inflammation of the meibomian gland.

Symptoms:- Painless swelling in the lid, occasionally blurring

of vision from induced astigmatism, watering.

Signs:- Well defined subcutaneous nodule in the eyelid.

- Non tender swelling slightly away from the lid

margin.

Treatment:- Hot compression, antibiotic massage and surgery

STYEA focal, acute and suppurative inflammation of

glands of Zeis or Moll at the lid margins.

Symptoms:- Acute pain associated with swelling if lid, mild

watering and photophobia and tenderness.

Signs:- Localized erythema, tender, swelling at the lid,

margin.

- A pus point associated with the affected cilia.

Treatment:- Hot compression, epilation and antibiotics

SYMPTOMS

Bumps on eye or eye lid

Burning

Blurred vision

Bloodshot eye

Light sensitivity

Pain or discomfort in eye or eyelid

Swelling around eyes

Watering eyes

Twitching

CAUSES

Certain germs and bacteria

Improper diet

Using the same towels or

clothes with someone who

has the infection

Watching computer or

television for much time

Vitamin deficiency

Intake of less water

External injuries

Thank you