Presenter

Jaspreet Kaur

PhD(Foods And Nutrition)

Presentation on

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL

STATUS BASED ON VITAL STATISTICS

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INTRODUCTION

Malnutrition influences morbidity, mortality rates for various

diseases. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates, life expectancy

and other health statistics. Vital statistic is therefore considered as

indirect indicators of the nutritional status of a community. As for

morbidity and mortality are concerned, malnutrition has its most

marked general ill-effect among young children and pregnant

women.

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VITAL STATISTICS

It denotes the data and analytical methods for

describing the vital events occurring in the

community. The Raw data can be obtained from

sample survey, population census, vital statistics

registers, hospital records, and municipalities.

It includes the counts of births, deaths, illness,

various rates and ratios that may be computed from

them.

.

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MORTALITY RATES

Defined as number of deaths per 1000 estimated mid yearpopulation in one year.

MR= No of death during year x1000

Mid year population

Age-specific mortality rates: Some types of malnutrition have a particularly high incidence at certain ages, so that the mortality rates at this specific age-period have been suggested as indicators of the incidence of certain types of malnutrition.

Cause specific mortality rates: Mortality due to special cause e.g. death due to diarrheal diseases is called cause specific mortality.

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Measures of Mortality

Maternal mortality rate:

Number of deaths pertaining to child births per

1000 live births.

MMR= No of deaths during pregnancy x1000

Total live births during the yearInfant mortality rate:

Number of babies dying in the first year of life per

1000 live births.

IMR= No of deaths under one year of age x1000

Total live birth in one year

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Neonatal mortality rate: Deaths occurring within 4

weeks or 28 days of birth.

NMR= No of deaths of babies under 28 days of age

x1000

Total live births

Peri-natal mortality rate: The number of deaths of

infants under 1 month and still births per 1000

total births.

PNMR=

Toddler Mortality rate: This is the number of

deaths between 1 to 4 years per 1000

toddlers born. The manifestations and effects of

malnutrition are well known to be severe in

toddlers.6

Post natal neonatal mortality rate:

Deaths rate of infant dying from 28 days up to 1 year

of age.

PNMR= No of deaths of infants age between 28 days to

1yr

Total live births x 1000

Still birth rate:

Death of fetus occurring after 28 week of

gestation.

SBR= No of fetal death at 28 week of gestation

x1000

No of live births 7

Morbidity : Relates to types and varieties of diseases

one faces or experiences affecting the day to day

activities, like cold, cough, to chronic disease.

Measures of morbidity-

1) Incidence rate- ×100

2) Prevalence rate-

Point prevalence rate= Total no of cases new or old

existing at a point of time x 100

Population expose to risk at that time

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Period prevalence rate= Total no of persons who are

sick some time during a particular time x 100

Average no of persons expose to risk at that period of time

Crude birth rate= No of live birth during a year x1000

mid year population

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Assessment of morbidity rates

1. Analysis of birth and death records:

Records of births and deaths should be consulted,

these may me kept by local authority. If these are

complete and accurately kept, it may be possible

to calculate the infant mortality rate and 1-4 year

mortality rate, and death rate in various age-

groups.

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2. Calculation from census figures:

This will be practicable only if a careful census

has been repeated at intervals in the area.

3. Questionnaire at village level: A sample of

mothers may be questioned, the number children

they have had, and the number that has died,

approximate ages at death, cause of death etc.

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Advantages of vital statistics-1. It does not need much human resources.

2. Less time, money, and work is involved.

3. Easy to interpret.

Disadvantages of vital statistics-1. Sometimes collection of accurate information is not

possible.

2. Availability of local statistics and its acceptability by thepublic is difficult.

3. Stated cause of death may be quite unreliable.

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REFERENCES

Srilakshmi. B. (2008). Nutrition Science. 3rd ed. New Delhi, New

Age International Publishers. p:354-356.

Park.K (2013).Park Textbook of Preventive and Social

Medicine. 22nd ed. Jabalpur. M/s Banarsidas Bhanot

Publishers. p. 362

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