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Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollu8on in Minnesota
Barbara P. Yawn, MD MSc Director of Research Olmsted Medical Center Rochester, MN [email protected]
Air pollu)on affects en)re popula)ons
¥ Suscep)ble popula)on is growing
¥ Aging popula)on
¥ Increasing obesity, diabetes rates
¥ Effects observed in children
¥ Lung development
¥ Asthma exacerba)ons
¥ Even very small increases associated with disease and death
2004
2009
Obesity in MN
PM2.5 pyramid of health effects
• Availability of data • Feasibility of popula)on
research
• Frequency of occurrence
+
-‐
+
-‐
Death
Hospital admissions
Emergency room visits
Doctor visits
Asthma aOacks, medica8on use, symptoms
Lung func8on changes, immune cell responses, heart rate variability
responses
Fine par)cle pollu)on: PM2.5
Air pollu)on epidemiology studies
¥ Health impacts are measurable
¥ Large body of evidence – PM2.5
¥ Respiratory and cardiovascular effects
¥ Long-‐term effects à increased risk
¥ Short-‐term effects à triggering/exacerba)ons
¥ Effects observed even at low concentra)ons
Source: MN Pollu)on Control Agency
AQI: Number of unhealthy air days in MN
Improving air, preven)ng deaths
¥ Air quality improvement scenarios
¥ Es)mated number of prevented deaths
¥ 10% reduc)on PM2.5 concentra)ons
¥ BenMAP soUware
5
4
78 (MSP metro)
MN (2006)
Source: CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking
Air pollu)on and health research in MN
¥ Purpose: method/indicator development
¥ Track health effects associated with changes in air quality in MSP and Olmsted during 2003-‐2009
¥ Purpose: method/indicator development ¥ Local area analyses ¥ Using local sources of data
¥ Track health effects associated with changes in air quality in MSP and Olmsted during 2003-‐2009 ¥ Fine par)culate maaer pollu)on (PM2.5) ¥ Hospitaliza)ons and mortality
¥ Respiratory , cardiovascular
MN air pollu)on reduc)on ini)a)ves
¥ Minnesota Emissions Reduc)on Project (MERP)
¥ Diesel retrofits ¥ School buses; heavy duty public vehicles ¥ Project Green Fleet
¥ Other local ini)a)ves ¥ An)-‐idling ordinances ¥ Go Greener Ini)a)ve (Met Council)
¥ Na)onal ini)a)ves ¥ Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Rule ¥ Heavy Duty Diesel Regula)ons ¥ Transport Rule
Measuring impacts using local area data
Regulatory or Policy Changes
Reduc8ons in Popula8on Exposures
Reduc8ons in Adverse Health
Outcomes
• PM2.5 • Respiratory diseases • Cardiovascular disease • Hospitaliza)ons and Deaths
Source: MN Pollu)on Control Agency
MN air pollu)on health impacts over )me
Hospitaliza8ons Time period Amount aOributable to PM2.5
Percent # hosp./yr
Total respiratory 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.0% 2.6% -‐-‐
354 309 -‐-‐
COPD + asthma 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.3% 2.9% -‐-‐
154 140 -‐-‐
Asthma 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.8% -‐-‐ -‐-‐
92 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
¥ PRESENT RESULTS BY TIME PERIOD
PM2.5 pyramid of health effects
Death
Hospital admissions
Doctor visits
Asthma aaacks, medica)on use, symptoms
Lung func)on changes, immune cell responses, heart rate or variability
responses
• Availability of data • Feasibility of popula)on
research • Frequency of
occurrence
+
-
+
-
Air pollu)on and health research in MN
¥ High traffic areas associated with increased asthma exacerba)ons in Olmsted County
¥ Associa)on remained aUer adjus)ng for poverty
Traffic and Asthma in Olmsted County
Summary ¥ Air pollu)on affects health even at low levels
¥ Air pollu)on affects en)re popula)ons
¥ Impact on a growing number of suscep)ble people
¥ All regions of MN experience poor air quality
BUT…
¥ MN has been making improvements in air quality
¥ Con)nued efforts will lead to a healthier MN
Project Team MN Pollu8on Control Agency
Greg PraO
Kari Palmer
Margaret McCourtney
Cassie McMahon
Lisa Herschberger
Olmsted Medical Center
Barbara Yawn
Peter Wollan
Measuring the Impact of Fine Par)cles: hap://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpcd/cdee/airquality.html
MN Dept. of Health
Jean Johnson
Chuck Stroebel
Allan Williams
Naomi Shinoda
Wendy Brunner
Paula Lindgren
