Presented by the Oklahoma State Department of Health

HIV & AIDS

What is HIV? Human

Immunodeficiency Virus

• “HIV is a virus spread through body fluids that affects specific cells of the immune system, called CD4 cells, or T cells”. 1

•HIV kills the body’s CD4 cells (T cells) and damages the immune system.2

•HIV replicates inside the human body. It must invade a healthy cell in the body to survive.2

There is NO cure, but there is

treatment.

What is AIDS?

• AIDS is a late stage of the HIV infection

• Once diagnosed, body has hard time fighting disease and certain cancers.

• NO cure for AIDS, but there is treatment

Positive HIV Test +

Very low CD4 count (<200 cells) OR

presence of specific cancers or infections

= AIDS

Diagnosis

Why is This Important?In the U.S. :

• About 50,000 new infections/year3

• In 2013, 47,352 people were diagnosed with HIV infection .3

• In 2013, 26,688 people were diagnosed with AIDS.3

• Overall, an estimated 1,194,039 people have been diagnosed with

AIDS.3

HIV AIDS

Why is this Important TO YOU?

Youth diagnosed (ages 13-24)

Other ages diagnosed

9,961 (21%)

Total:47,352

4

HIV Diagnoses in 2013

HIV Myths• I can get HIV by being around people who are HIV-

positive.5

-kissing--touching/casual contact-

-breathing same air--sharing drinks/eating utensils-

-toilet seats--water fountains-

• I'm HIV-positive…my life is over.5

• I'm straight and don't use IV drugs - I won't become HIV-positive.5

• You can’t get HIV from oral sex.5

• I would be able to tell if I or my partner was HIV positive.5

• My partner and I are both HIV positive, so there is no need to use a condom.6

• I can get HIV from mosquitos.5

How is HIV Spread?

HIV is passed from person to person through the exchange of bodily fluids.

3 Main Ways:1.Unprotected sex with people living with HIV (vaginal, oral, or

anal)2.Blood to blood contact

3.Exposure to HIV before or during birth or through breastfeeding7

What Fluids Can Transmit HIV?

BloodVaginal fluids

Semen Breast Milk

8

HIV can enter the body through:-Mouth -Vagina-Nose -

Penis-Eyes -Anus-Ears -Break

in Skin

Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents, by Transmission Category, 2012—

United States and 6 Dependent Areas

N = 48,651

Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays and missing transmission category, but not for incomplete reporting.

a Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection. b Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.

64%4%3%

3%

9%

17%

<1%Male-to-male sexual contactInjection drug use (IDU) - MalesInjection drug use (IDU) - FemalesMale-to-male sexual contact and IDUHeterosexual contact - malesHeterosexual contact - femalesOther

11

Symptoms of HIV-Many people who are infected with HIV have NO symptoms at all for 10 years or more.

-Currently 300,000-500,000 in U.S. have HIV and do not know it.

-Symptoms vary.

Some people who are infected with HIV report having flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after exposure.• Fever• Enlarged lymph nodes• Sore throat• Rash12

Youth Awareness of Positive HIV

Status4

2012 (U.S.)

Infected-un-diagnosedInfected-di-agnosed

51%49%

Youth = 15-24 yrs. old

•The period of time after you may have been exposed to HIV, but before a test can

detect it (at least 3 months)13

•Antibody tests cannot accurately identify infection

during this time.•Immediately contagious

WINDOW PERIOD Incubation

period-

Time from exposure to HIV to time

when antibodies

can be detected

through an HIV test.

•HIV antibodies present•Infected and can infect others•Need to begin treatment

•No HIV antibodies detected•May not be infected (consider the window period)•Consider retesting

What Does the HIV Test Mean?

Positive+

Negative-

Viral Load & CD4 (T4) Count

•Viral Load: Amount of HIV in the blood

•CD4 (T4) Count: Number of white blood cells in the blood

The presence of an STD increases the possibility of:

acquiring infection with HIV &

transmitting HIVWhy? Compromised immune system Infection from STD Irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes

&

Opportunistic Infections

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are

infections that occur more

frequently and are more severe in individuals with

weakened immune systems, including people with HIV.

These infections are called “opportunistic” because they

take advantage of your weakened immune system, and they can cause devastating illnesses.14

People with healthy immune systems can be exposed to certain viruses and have no

reaction to them.But people living with HIV can face serious

threats from the same viruses.

HIV TreatmentNewly Diagnosed? START

TREATMENT!

Treatment benefits:your own health

& the health of others.

Thanks to better treatments, people with HIV are now living longer—and

with a better quality of life—than ever before.

Treatment does extend the lives of many people living

with HIV, however….Medication can be:

Expensive - $30,000 a year$379,668 (lifetime)15

Complicated –Different pills at specific times of the day

Toxic – side effects are commonIneffective – not all strains of HIV respond

Reducing your risk of HIV

No Risk —Abstinence (sex): not having oral, vaginal or anal sexAbstinence (drugs): not using drugsMutual monogamy between non-infected partners

Reduced Risk —Protected Sex: “Correct and consistent” use of condoms/barriers16

Fewer sexual partnersNever sharing needles/”works”17

Regular HIV/STD testing18

Male CondomsMore than 98% effective when used correctly and consistently

Different kinds:19

•Latex•Polyurethane (“Non-Latex”)

•Lambskin20

Do’s and Don’ts of male condom use21

Do’s• DO keep condoms in a

cool, dry place• DO put the condom on an

erect (hard) penis before any genital contact• DO hold the condom in

place at the base of the penis before withdrawing (pulling out) after sex• DO throw the condom

away after it’s been used• DO use water-based

lubrication (vaginal sex) or silicone-based (anal sex)

Don’ts• DON’T use expired condoms.• DON’T unroll the condom

before putting it on the penis• DON’T leave condoms in hot

places (wallet, car, etc.)• DON’T use oil-based products

(baby or cooking oils, hand lotion, Vaseline, etc.) as lubricants with latex condoms• DON’T use your fingernails or

teeth while opening the condom wrapper. • DON’T reuse a condom• DON’T use more than one

condom at a time

Female Condoms22

• Worn inside the vagina or anus• Thicker, more tear-

resistant• Always latex-free• Wider opening covers

more pelvic area

Dental Dams23

• Used for oral sex• Could make your own

dental dam

More Protection

HIV Testing24

https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/hiv-testing/hiv-test-locations/

For More Info:

• www.cdc.gov• www.aids.gov

•www.plannedparenthood.org•www.health.ok.gov• www.sexetc.org

•HIV/AIDS Hotline: (800) 535-2437

Resources1. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatIshiv.html2. http://dhrpc.org/default/?LinkServID=B6FBEB7F-FFAA-C33A-42581F45E86626793. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/ataglance.html4. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth/index.html5. http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/top-10-myths-misconceptions-about-hiv-aids6. http://www.hpb.gov.sg/HOPPortal/health-article/62607. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/20/50/preventing-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv8. https://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/9. http://americanpregnancy.org/preventing-pregnancy/pregnancy-myths/10. http://www.catie.ca/en/pif/fall-2014/getting-bottom-it-anal-sex-rectal-fluid-and-hiv-transmission11. www.cdc.gov/hiv/ppt/statistics_surveillance_epi-hiv-infection.pptx12. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html13. http://www.sfaf.org/hiv-info/testing/hiv-test-window-periods.html14. https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/staying-healthy-with-hiv-aids/potential-related-health-problems/opportunistic-infections/15. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/ongoing/costeffectiveness/16. http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html17. http://stophiv.org/hp_joomla_15/index.php/prevention/needlessyringes.html18.https://www.ghc.org/healthAndWellness/?item=/common/healthAndWellness/conditions/std/hivTests.html19. http://www.avert.org/condom-use-types-sizes.htm20. http:///advocatesaz.org/2012/05/02/allergic-to-latex-you-can-still-have-safer-sex21. http://www.ashasexualhealth.org/sexual-health/all-about-condoms/22. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/female-condom23. http://www.nakedtruth.idaho.gov/dental-dams.aspx

• http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/aids/diagnosis.html• http://www.grayingofaids.org/modes-of-transmission/• https://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/• http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/testing.html• http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/tc/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-what-happens• https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/understand-your-test-results/cd4-count/

index.html• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000594.htm• http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/hived/faqs.pdf• http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/index.html• https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/treatment-options/overview-of-hiv-

treatments/• https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/21/51/hiv-treatment--the-basics• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004002.htm