Chief Minster of the 5th Biggest Country in the world.

India in World PopulationThe Population of India increased by 181 million during the decade 2001 – 2011. The absolute addition is slightly lower than the population of Brazil. The fifth most populous country in the world.

Density of Population

http://censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/popden.html

Demographic Cycle

Trends in CBR and CDR, 1901-2011

Source:Demographic-Transition-in-India

Trends in life expectancy, 1901-2010

Trends in CBR, TFR, TMFR, 1970-2011

• Total fertility rate. The number of children who would be born per woman if she/they were to pass through the childbearing years bearing children according to a current schedule of age-specific fertility rates.

• Net reproduction rate: the number of daughters a woman would have in her lifetime if she were subject to prevailing age-specific fertility and mortality rates in the given year

Trends in Age Specific FertilityRates

Population and Decadal Growth rate

Impact of Policy on Population

How Policy Influences Family Formation

Demographic Changes in India and China

Regional Variations in theTransition• The transition has not been uniform across the country.• Both fertility and mortality differ considerably across states

(and also within states)• As a result the pace of transition has also varied

Implications of Regional Variationsin the TransitionVariations in the level of fertility, mortality and changes in these have implications for regional population growth and for demographic dividendGrowth would vary by states. States that have already achieved replacement level fertility would experience only some growth due to momentum. Kerala and Tamil Nadu would not grow much.Populations of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan are likely to double during the first half of the century.These states and many other states, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and some small states would grow because fertility is yet to reach replacement level and later due to momentum.

• A comparative picture of three regions,1. Four southern states2. Seven north-central states (U.P., Bihar, M.P., Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand)3. Remaining states/union territories,

Some demographic Indicators, India, andThree Regions, 1971, 1991, and 2011

Population (in millions) in India and threeregions, 1901-2011, and projected to 2051

Factors Influencing fertility

Total Fertility by Religion

Population Policy

Population Policy

• "A deliberate attempt by government to influence one or

more of the key demographic parameters, fertility, mortality

and migration" (Isaacs, Cairns and Heckel, 1991).

How policy interventions could impact on demographic objectives

Nutrition and health improvements

mortality, especially infant

and child mortality

life expectancy

industrial, infrastructural and locational policies

constraints and incentives facing

entrepreneurs and individuals

Location of businesses and

families

Patterns of fertility

Desired Family

Size

General Edn.

Health edn.

Provision of

Services

MAJOR POPULATION CONCERNS OF GOVERNMENTS IN 2009, ISSUES OF SIGNIFICANCE TO AT LEAST HALF OF ALL GOVERNMENTS IN 2009,BY LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENTWorld World More

developedLess Developed

HIV/AIDS 87 77 90Infant and child mortality 70 81Maternal mortality 66 79Size of the population of working age

62 59 63

Adolescent fertility 57 65Low life expectancy at birth 55 62Population ageing 55 79 Pattern of spatial distribution 51 58Low Fertility 61 High Fertlity 50

Reduced Size of Working Population

Increased Size of Working Population – More Jobs

UNDP: World Population Policies 2009/ST/ESA/SER.A/293

Why Population Policy - Concern in the developing worldHigh Rates of Population Growth

How to Reduce

employment and basic social services

Provide to all their inhabitants

Climate change

To Combatfood shortages

prevent

ease mounting pressure on renewable and non-renewable energy resources,

What Population Policy requires• Many of these Governments have also realized that• effective implementation of population policy requires • the creation of an institutional framework • that ensures the integration of population variables• into development planning • with adequate mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation.

National Family Planning Programme• launched in 1952 with the objective of “reducing birth rate to the

extent necessary to stabilise the population at a level consistent with the requirement of the national economy.”

POPULATION POLICY OF 1976 the government of India declared the first comprehensive population

policy on 16th april,1976.

The main aim to bring down the birth rate from 35 per thousand to 25 per thousand .

state government were allowed to enact legislative measures regarding compulsory sterilisation .

Indians were against compulsory sterilisation , but this policy created awareness about small family norm.

REVISED POPULATION POLICY OF 1977• “ family planning policy” as “ FAMILY WELFARE POLICY” • family planning programme to be implemented on voluntary basis • attention to the rights of women and health of the children

FEATURES • The public motivated and induced to undertake various measures of

birth control• The minimum age of marriage raised to 18 years for females and 21

years for males• Registration of marriages was suggested to be made compulsory• Use of education system to create awareness of the population

problem in youngsters and raising education levels of females• Use of media for spreading the message of family planning among the

rule of masses

• Provision of monetary compensation to those adopting permanent measures for birth control

• exemption in corporate taxes for private business corporation promoting birth control measures

• Population education in educational institution with general education

NEW NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY 2000• The government of India announced its new national population

policy on February 15, 2000.• commitment of government towards voluntary consent of citizens

while availing reproductive health care service.• policy framework to meet the reproductive and child health needs of

the people of India for the next ten years

TARGETS• To achieve zero growth rate of population by 2045• To reduce infant mortality rate to below 28 per thousand live births by

2012• To reduce maternal motility rate to below 1 per 1000 live births• To reduce birth rates to 21 per thousand by 2010• To reduce total fertility rate to 2.1 by 2010• It is estimated that the population of India will be 126.4crore by 2016

FEATURESORGANISATIONS

NATIONAL SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC GOALS

STRATERGIC THEMES

FREEZING THE NUMBER OF SEATS IN LOK SABHA

PROMOTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES

Grounds on which abortion is permitted: • (1) to save the woman's life;• (2) to preserve physical health;• (3) to preserve mental health; • (4) rape or incest;• (5) foetal impairment; • (6) economic or social reasons; • (7) on request.

Reasons for Abortion in Different Countries

Reasons for Abortion in Different Countries

12th Five Year Plan - RMNCH+A • defined the national health outcomes and the three goals • Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 25 per 1,000 live births by

2017• Reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 100 per 100,000 live

births by 2017• Reduction in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.1 by 2017

Total Fertility Rate (TFR

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20132.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3

Strategies under family planning programme in the country

Policy Level Service LevelTarget free approach More emphasis on spacing methodsVoluntary adoption of Family Planning Methods Assuring Quality of services

Based on felt need of the community Expanding Contraceptive choices

Children by choice and not chance

Current family planning programme under public sector

Spacing Methods Limiting MethodsIUCD 380 A and Cu IUCD 375 Female Sterilization:Injectable Contraceptive DMPA (Antara) Laparoscopic

Combined Oral Contraceptive (Mala-N) Minilap

Centchromen (Chhaya) Emergency Contraceptive Pill (Ezy Pill) Male Sterilization:

Progesterone-Only Pill (POP) No Scalpel VasectomyCondoms (Nirodh) Conventional Vasectomy

Thrust areas under family planning programme:

• Emphasis on Spacing methods like IUCD• Revitalizing Postpartum Family Planning including PPIUCD in order to

capitalise on the opportunity provided by increased institutional deliveries. Appointment of counsellors at high institutional delivery facilities is a key activity.• Strengthening community based distribution of contraceptives by

involving ASHAs and Focussed IEC/ BCC efforts for enhancing demand and creating awareness on family planning• Availability of Fixed Day Static Services at all facilities.

• Emphasis on minilap tubectomy - logistical simplicity - requires only MBBS doctors and not post graduate gynaecologists/ surgeons.• A rational human resource development plan for IUCD, minilap and

NSV • Ensuring quality care in Family Planning services • Increasing male participation and promoting Non scalpel vasectomy• Demand generation by IEC• Strong Political Will and Advocacy at the highest level, especially in

states with high fertility rates

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