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Urine analysis
Prepared by : Dr. Hemat Elgohary IBQH – OSHA – IC certifiedIBQH – OSHA – IC certified
E-mail : [email protected]
Urine analysis Urine analysis
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
1010
99
88
1111
1212
Volume
Color & aspect
Reaction
Specific gravity
Albumin
RBC s
Pus cells
Casts
Pigments
Crystals
Glucose
Kenton bodies
Volume
Volume Volume
1000-1500 cc/day 1000-1500 cc/day
15001500
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Chronic renal failure
Functional
Sg 1010 Granular casts
sSg
Sg v
Normal constituents Sg
Granular casts
Volume Volume
1000-1500 cc/day 1000-1500 cc/day
800
Nephrotic
Acute renal failure
Functional
Sg RBCs
Sg 1010
Sg
Normal constituents
Red casts
Color & aspect
Color & aspectColor & aspect
watery watery
Dark yellow Dark yellow
turbid turbid
Smoky Smoky
red red
Milky Milky
in Poly urea
In jaundice
In infection
In nephritic syndrome
In haematourea
In chyluria
Pale yellow Pale yellow
urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.
urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.
chyluriachyluria
Appear in : Appear in :
Filariasispregnancy Mental tension
Reaction
Reaction Reaction
Change of PH may help in treatment of infectionChange of PH may help in treatment of infection
Acidic Alkaline
Oxalate crystals
Uric acid crystals
Phosphate crystal
Specific gravity
Specific gravitySpecific gravity
1015-10251015-1025
1010fixed
High Low
Nephretic syndrome
DM
Functional
Functional
DI Acute & chronic renal failure
Albumin
AlbuminAlbumin
It present in most of kidney diseases It present in most of kidney diseases
Bence-Jones proteinurea Bence-Jones proteinurea
Heavy albumin Heavy albumin Nephrotic syndrome
Multi mveloma &amvloidosis
Chronic leukemia
Malignant bone disease
CancCancer er
RBC s
RBC sRBC s0-4 /HPF0-4 /HPF
Pre-Renal Pre-Renal
Post –Renal Post –Renal
Renal Renal
Purpura& coagulation defects
Nephretic syndrom & cancer
Stone , oxalurea , schisto & cancer
Pus cells
Pus cellsPus cells0-4 /HPF0-4 /HPF
Infection Inflammation
OK
Casts
CastsCasts
Granular
Red
White
Fatty
Renal failure
Nephretic syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Nephretic syndrome
nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, causing them to leak large amounts of proteins
ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pelvis of the kidney
Nephretic syndromeNephretic syndrome
PyelonephritisPyelonephritis
Pigments
PigmentsPigments
Bilirubin Urobilinogen
Obstructive jaundice
Hemolytic jaundice
Hepatocellular jaundice
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
yellow breakdown yellow breakdown product of normal heme product of normal heme catabolismcatabolism
. Heme is found in . Heme is found in hemoglobine , a hemoglobine , a principal component of principal component of RBCs. RBCs.
Bilirubin is excreted in Bilirubin is excreted in bil andurine bil andurine
colourless product of bilirubin colourless product of bilirubin reduction. reduction.
It is formed in the intestines It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney.and excreted by the kidney.
This constitutes the normal This constitutes the normal "enterohepatic urobilinogen "enterohepatic urobilinogen cycle". cycle".
Urobilinogen Urobilinogen Urobilinogen Urobilinogen BilirubinBilirubinBilirubinBilirubin
OkOk
Crystals
CrystalsCrystals
Oxalate Urate
Phosphate
Acidic urine
Alkaline urine
Glucose
GlucoseGlucose(0 - 15 mg/dl) (0 - 15 mg/dl)
Abnormal glucose values may indicative of:
Renal Glycosuria Diabetes Mellitus Renal glycosuria during pregnancy After excessive consumption of carbohydrates
Kenton bodies
Kenton bodiesKenton bodiesnegativenegative negativenegative
Abnormal ketones values may indicative of:
Diabetic ketoacidosisInsulin overdoseInsufficient food intakeNausea and vomitingStarvationStrict dietingSevere stressSevere fever due to infection
Wish U good
Health
