TOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMYTOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMY

Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic

TOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMYTOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMY

Objectives:

1. Terminal Learning objective

Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics pertaining to the structure of the oral cavity with 70% accuracy.

2. Enabling Learning Objectives

a. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the dentition with 70% accuracy.

b. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the gingiva and tongue with 70% accuracy.

c. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the saliva and salivary glands with 70% accuracy.

d. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the nerves with 70% accuracy.

2. Enabling Learning Objectives, cont’d

A. Dentition

1. Tooth embryology

a. Growth period - tooth bud

forms, enamel and

dentin

are deposited to give tooth

shape

and size.

b. Period of calcification - hardening of tooth through deposition of calcium and mineral salts.

c. Period of eruption (1) Calcified tooth begins to move into functional position

(2) Continues throughout lifetime of tooth

2. COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION

a. ENAMEL- MAKES UP ANATOMIC CROWN, OUTER LAYER

(1) TRANSLUCENT SUBSTANCE COVERING ENTIRE CROWN

a. ENAMEL CONT’D

(2) RANGES IN COLOR FROM YELLOWISH TO GRAYISH WHITE COLOR

(3) HARDEST MATERIAL IN THE

HUMAN BODY.

(4) PROTECTIVE COVERING FOR THE SOFTER UNDERLYING DENTIN

a. ENAMEL CONT’D

(5) ENAMEL IS ABLE TO WITHSTAND CRUSHING STRESSES OF ABOUT 100,000 psi.

(6) INCAPABLE OF REMODELING AND REPAIR

b. DENTIN - MAKES UP BULK OF TOOTH

(1) COVERED BY ENAMEL ON CROWN AND CEMENTUM ON THE ROOT

(2) PALE YELLOW/SOMEWHAT TRANSPARENT; AFFECTS THE COLOR OF THE TOOTH(3) PROTECTS PULP(4) SUPPORTS ENAMEL

b. DENTIN CONT’D

(5) SENSATION CARRIED VIA TINY

CANALS CALLED DENTINAL

TUBULES

(6) SECOND HARDEST MATERIAL

IN THE HUMAN BODY

(7) CAPABLE OF LIMITED REGENERATION (SECONDARY DENTIN)-REPARATIVE REGENERATION BY PULP

b. Dentin cont’d

(1) PRIMARY FUNCTION - ANCHOR TOOTH TO BONY SOCKET VIA MEANS OF ATTACHMENT FIBERS(2) COVERS ROOT OF TOOTH, BELOW THE CEJ(3) LIGHT YELLOWISH COLOR

c. CEMENTUM

(4) THIRD HARDEST MATERIAL

IN THE HUMAN BODY

(5) INSERTION AREA OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS

(6) CONTINUALLY FORMING

c. Cementum cont’d

d. PULP-SOFT TISSUE AT CENTER OF TOOTH AND IN THE PULP CANAL

(1) BLOOD VESSELS

(2) NERVES

(3) LYMPH

(4) CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTS OF:

(a) CELLS (b) INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES (c) TISSUE FLUIDS

d. PULP-SOFT TISSUE AT CENTER OF TOOTH CONT’D

3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH 3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH

a. ANATOMIC CROWN- PORTION OF

TOOTH COVERED WITH

ENAMEL

b. CLINICAL CROWN- VISIBLE PART OF TOOTH ABOVE

GUM LINE

c. ROOT- PART OF TOOTH COVERED BY CEMENTUM, BELOW GUMLINE AND SEATED IN THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS (BONY SOCKET)

3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH CONT’D

3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...

d. CEMENTO-ENAMEL JUNCTION (CEJ) (CERVICAL LINE) - WHERE THE ANATOMIC CROWN AND ROOT MEET

e. APEX- TIP OF ROOT

f. APICAL FORAMEN- OPENING AT THE ROOT TIP

3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...

g. PULP CHAMBER-

CONTAINS PULP IN CONTAINS PULP IN

CROWNCROWN

h. PULP CANAL- CANALCANAL

RUNNING FROM APICALRUNNING FROM APICAL

FORAMEN TO THE PULPFORAMEN TO THE PULP

CHAMBERCHAMBER

a. ALVEOLAR PROCESS

(1) DEFINITION - PART OF THE MAXALLE AND MANDIBLE (UPPER AND LOWER JAWS) WHICH SUPPORT THE TEETH

4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OF THE TEETH

4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d

(2) FUNCTION - SURROUNDS ROOTS AND SUPPORTS THE TEETH

(3) COMPOSITION - COVERED BY DENSE BONE OUTSIDE, CANCELLOUS (porous) BONE INSIDE

b. PERIODONTALLIGAMENTS

(1) DEFINITION - FIBROUS TISSUES THAT ATTACH TEETH TO THE ALVEOLAR BONE

(2) FUNCTION - SUPPORTS AND PROTECTS THE TOOTH FROM NORMAL SHOCK

4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d

c. GINGIVA - SURROUNDS THE TEETH AND COVERS THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS

4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d

5. PERMANENT TEETH5. PERMANENT TEETH

a. QUANTITY- 32

b. CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:

(1) ARCHES - MAXILLARY & MANDIBULAR

b. QUADRANTS (1) MAX RIGHT, MAX LEFT

(2) MAND LEFT, MAND RIGHT

4. PERMANENT TEETH CONT’D

4. PERMANENT TEETH-CON’T4. PERMANENT TEETH-CON’T

(3) SEXTANTS (SIX SEGMENTS)

(a) MAXILLARY RIGHT POSTERIOR

(b) MAXILLARY

ANTERIOR

(c) MAXILLARY LEFT POSTERIOR

(d) MANDIBULAR RIGHT POSTERIOR

(e) MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR,

(f) MANDIBULAR LEFT POSTERIOR

(3) SEXTANTS- SIX SEGMENTS CONT’D

c. EACH QUADRANT CONTAINS ONE OF EACH TOOTH TYPE:

(1) CENTRAL INCISOR

(2) LATERAL INCISOR

(3) CUSPID (CANINE)

4. PERMANENT TEETH CONT’D

4. PERMANENT TEETH- CONT4. PERMANENT TEETH- CONT

(4) 1ST BICUSPID

(5) 2ND BICUSPID

(6) 1ST MOLAR

(7) 2ND MOLAR

(8) 3RD MOLAR

(WISDOM TOOTH)

(d) NUMBERING SYSTEM(d) NUMBERING SYSTEM

(1) MAXILLARY- PATIENT’S RIGHT TO LEFT #’S 1-16;

(2) MANDIBULAR- PATIENT’S LEFT TO RIGHT #’S 17-32

16

171

32

5. DECIDUOUS TEETH5. DECIDUOUS TEETH

a. QUANTITY- 20

b. EACH QUADRANT CONTAINS a--

(1) CENTRAL INCISOR

(2) LATERAL INCISOR

(3) CUSPID

(4) 1ST MOLAR

(5) 2ND MOLAR

6. SURFACES AND LANDMARKS 6. SURFACES AND LANDMARKS

a. OCCLUSION - CONTACT BETWEEN

MAXILLARY & MANDIBULAR TEETH

b. SURFACES OF TEETH

(1) FACIAL - NEXT TO CHEEKS & LIPS

(a) LABIAL- ANTERIOR FACIAL

(b) BUCCAL - POSTERIOR FACIAL (2) LINGUAL- NEXT TO TONGUE

b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D

(3) MESIAL- TOWARD MIDLINE (MIDLINE - IMAGINARY LINE BETWEEN CENTRAL INCISORS.

b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D

(4) DISTAL- AWAY FROM MIDLINE

(5) INCISAL- CUTTING EDGE OF ANTERIOR TEETH

(6) OCCLUSAL- CHEWING SURFACE OF THE POSTERIOR TEETH

b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D

(1) PROXIMAL SURFACES- MESIAL OR DISTAL SURFACE OF A TOOTH LYING NEXT TO ANOTHER TOOTH

(2) INTERPROXIMAL SPACE (EMBRASURE)- SPACES BETWEEN TEETH, FILLED WITH HARD AND SOFT TISSUE

(INTERDENTAL PAPILLA)

c. LANDMARKS

(3) CUSPS- POINTED OR ROUNDED ELEVATIONS OF ENAMEL ON OCCLUSAL SURFACES

OF CUSPIDS AND POSTERIOR TEETH

C. LANDMARKS CONT’D

(4) BIFURCATED - TEETH

WITH TWO ROOTS

(5) TRIFURCATED -

TEETH WITH THREE

ROOTS

C. LANDMARKS CONT’D

(6) CINGULUM- BULGE OF

ENAMEL FOUND ON THE

CERVICAL THIRD OF THE

LINGUAL SURFACE OF

ANTERIOR TEETH

3. LANDMARKS CONT’D

B. GINGIVA AND TONGUE

1. GINGIVA- MUCOUS MEMBRANE

COVERING THE ALVEOLAR

PROCESSES AND ENCIRCLING

THE NECKS OF THE TEETH

a. MASS OF FLEXIBLE

VOLUNTARY MUSCLES

b. PAPILLAE (tiny projections) ON

DORSUM (top surface); CONTAINS

TASTE BUDS

2. TONGUE

C. SALIVA & SALIVARY GLANDS C. SALIVA & SALIVARY GLANDS

1. SALIVA- ORAL DIGESTIVE FLUID PRODUCED BY SALIVARY GLANDS

a. 2-3 PINTS/24 HOURS

b. PROVIDES SOME PROTECTION

AGAINST DENTAL CARIES

c. AIDS IN DIGESTION

d. d. SOURCE OF FLUORIDE, CALCIUM,

PHOSPHATE FOR TOOTH

REMINERALIZATION

e. CLEANSING ACTION

f. LUBRICATION EFFECT FOR

SWALLOWING

g. BUFFERING OF ACIDS-REDUCES pH

2. SALIVARY GLANDS 2. SALIVARY GLANDS

a. PAROTID GLANDS

(1) LOCATION-

IN CHEEK JUST

IN FRONT OF

EACH EAR

BILATERAL

2. SALIVARY GLANDS

(2) OPENING-EMPTIES INTO MOUTH OPPOSITE MAXILLARY SECOND MOLARS (STENSON’S DUCT)

(3) LARGEST SALIVARY GLANDS

a. PAROTID GLANDS CONT’D

b. SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDSb. SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS

(1) LOCATION - BILATERAL, FLOOR OF MOUTH, POSTERIOR PORTION OF MANDIBLE (LINGUAL SURFACE)

(2) OPENING- LINGUAL TO MANDIBULAR INCISORS (WHARTON’S DUCT)

c. SUBLINGUAL GLAND c. SUBLINGUAL GLAND

(1) LOCATION - BILATERAL, FLOOR OF MOUTH UNDER TONGUE

(2) OPENING - SERIES OF DUCTS UNDER THE TONGUE (DUCTS OF RIVINUS AND WHARTON’S)

(3) SMALLEST SALIVARY GLANDS

D. NERVESD. NERVES

D. NERVESD. NERVES

1. TRIGEMINAL- (FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE)

a. PRIMARY SOURCE OF INNERVATION FOR THE ORAL CAVITY

INNERVATION: TO SUPPLY WITH

NERVES, TO STIMULATE.

b. HAS THREE MAIN DIVISIONS

1. TRIGEMINAL

D. NERVESD. NERVES

(1) OPTHALMIC DIVISION- GIVES SENSATION TO TISSUE AROUND EYES AND FOREHEAD (INNERVATION)

(2) MAXILLARY BRANCH- SENSORY

NERVE (SENSORY-CARRIES

IMPULSES FROM SKIN/

ORGANS TO THE BRAIN)

(a) INNERVATES

MAXILLARY

TEETH

D. NERVESD. NERVES

(b) FURTHER DIVIDED INTO MANY SMALLER BRANCHES. THREE MAJOR BRANCHES ARE--

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

1 ANTERIOR SUPERIOR

ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES

MAXILLARY

INCISORS AND CUSPIDS

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

2 MIDDLE SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES

MESIO- FACIAL ROOT OF THE MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR AND THE BICUSPIDS

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

3 POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES MAX

MOLARS EXCEPT FOR

MESIO-FACIAL ROOT OF THE MAXILLARY

1ST MOLAR

1 TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

(3) MANDIBULAR DIVISION

(a) SUPPLIES

SENSATION TO

ALL MANDIBULAR

TEETH AND TISSUE

(b) THREE MAJOR

BRANCHES

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

1 INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE-

INNERVATES THE

MAN TEETH,

MAN GINGIVA,

AND THE

LOWER LIP UNILATERALLY

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

3 LINGUAL- INNERVATES ANTERIOR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE AND MUCOSA ON THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

3 BUCCAL- INNERVATES THE BUCCAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

2. FACIAL

SEVENTH CRANIAL NERVE-

MOTOR AND SENSORY IN

NATURE

MOTOR-CARRIES IMPULSES

FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL

CORD TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

B. INNERVATES

(1) MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

(2) TASTE BUDS ANTERIOR

2/3 OF TONGUE

(3) SALIVARY GLANDS

1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D

SUMMARYSUMMARY

IDENTIFY BASIC FACTS AND CHARACTERISTICS PERTAINING TO THE STRUCTURES OF THE ORAL CAVITY, WITH 70% ACCURACY

DENTITION GINGIVA TONGUE SALIVA AND SALIVARY GLANDS NERVES

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