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1 MOTIVATION, WELLBEING AND THE HAPPINESS ECONOMY How the industry might take advantage of the wellbeing movement Wellbeing What it is? Why seek it? What’s happening to it? What’s happening to it? How is it measured? How can it be improved? The fitness industry Always changing d dl Needs a new model The local ‘Wellbeing Centre’

Tim Anstiss Motivation, Wellbeing and the Happiness Economy

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Page 1: Tim Anstiss Motivation, Wellbeing and the Happiness Economy

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MOTIVATION, WELLBEING AND THE HAPPINESS ECONOMY

How the industry might take advantage of the wellbeing movement

Wellbeing • What it is?

• Why seek it?

What’s happening to it?• What’s happening to it?

• How is it measured?

• How can it be improved?

The fitness industry• Always changing

d d l• Needs a new model

• The local ‘Wellbeing Centre’

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

• Medical Doctor

Dr Tim

• Taught on ACSM special pops• Helped develop:

– NHS clinical exercise unit– Peckham Pulse and HLC’s– Boots Wellbeing Centre

• LGM for DH• Wellbeing advisors for Nuffield and BUPA• Working with NCSIg• Pole vaulted for GB• Gladiators Contender

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

“A positive physical, social and mental state”

Requiring

• basic needs are met• a sense of purpose• feeling able to achieve important personal goals• feeling able to participate in society”feeling able to participate in society

DEFRA (2010)

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

“a dynamic state”in which the individual is able to....in which the individual is able to....

• develop their potential• work productively and creatively• build strong and positive relationships• contribute to their community

Foresight Review (2008) and NEF

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

What do most people want?

• Happiness• Wellbeing g• Success• Resilience• Meaning and

purpose• Years to live

• Stress• Heartache• Heartache• Ill-health• Weight

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The ‘Summum Bonum’ The Prime Good

happiness

Car

House

Sex

Money

Job

Kids

Work Travel

Drugs

Fitness

attractiveness

Food Wine Marriage

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

What is happiness?

Is it the same as pleasure ?Is it the same as pleasure ?

How long does it last ?

Do some people have more than others?

Does your level vary over time?time?

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Negative Psychology

Most psychology research since the war has focused on the negative – what’s wrong with people:

depression, anxiety, criminality, alcoholism, OCD, eating disorders, personality disorders, suicide, anger etcanger, etc

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Topic number

anger 9,760

Topic number

joy 1,021

Topics in psychology journal articles

1887 to 2001

g ,anxiety 65,531 depression 79,154 fear 20,868 treatment 207,110

j y ,life satisfaction 4,129 happiness 3,522 courage 781 prevention 31,019

17 : 117 : 1

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

800

Articles

Psych Abstracts citations for:

- Well-Being- Life Satisfaction- Happiness

200

400

600pp

082

Psychological abstracts year

84 85 86 87 88 8978 79 80 81 83

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The Science of Wellbeing“The field of Psychology has, since World

War 2, become a science and practice of healing. It concentrates on repairing g p gdamage within a disease model of human functioning

“I proposed changing the focus of the science and the profession from repairing the worst things in life to understanding and building th liti th t k lif th li i

Martin Seligmand f 998the qualities that make life worth living. President of APA in year 1998

“I call this new orientation “Positive Psychology.”

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The concerns of Positive Psychology• Positive emotional states• Lives that go well• Optimal human functioning• Human thriving and

flourishing• Human strengths and

resilienceresilience• Institutions which foster

and enable the above

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

So…

What have we discovered so far?

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Nuns Diaries Nuns entering a convent in 1932 wrote

short personal life sketchesshort personal life sketches

Researchers read these stories and classified the Nuns according to how cheerful they were

They then looked at which nuns had died, and which were still living

90% f “ t h f l” li t 85 90% of “most cheerful” alive at 85 compared to 34% of “least cheerful”

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Smiles• Researchers looked at the Researchers looked at the

type of smile people wore in college photos from 1960

• Some had true smiles, some had “false”smiles

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• Women contacted at age 27, 43 and 52.

Smiles• Genuine smilers were more

likely to:• Have high levels of well-

being• Be and stay married“good looks” had nothing to do • “good looks” had nothing to do with good marriage or life satisfaction

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Immune Function• Positive emotions boost

immune function immune function. • One study showed that

people that reported more frequent positive emotions were at less risk for developing the common cold

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Heart Disease• A 10-year study of

1 306 h d h 1,306 men showed that Optimism reduced the risk of cardiac events by 50%.

• The same as the difference between

k d smokers and non-smokers.

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Surgical recovery Study of people having

cardiac surgery (bypass cardiac surgery (bypass grafting)

Optimists recovered better Optimist were less likely

to be re-admitted with Chest wall Infections Angina Angina Heart Attacks

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Survival • 10 year follow-up y p

study of older people• Those experiencing

fewer positive emotions were more likely to die over the 10 year period. y p

Happiness is good for you

• Happy people tend to:– Have better health– Have stronger immune systems– Live longer– Be more successful– Have more rewarding relationshipsHave more rewarding relationships– Cope better with stress and loss

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Your happiness benefits others

• Happy people tend to be:– More kind and helpfulMore kind and helpful– More fun to be with– Less selfish– More co-operative

• Happy work teams are– more creative

mo e p od cti e and – more productive and – less costly

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

What’s happening to wellbeing?

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The Easterlin ParadoxUSA: 1946-1989

Peoples real income has gone up in manyup in many nations over the last 40 years

Yet levels of happiness seem

income

h i

Source: Diener et al 1999

to have stayed the same

happiness

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Question: Taken all together, how would you say things are these days, would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy?

Source:Source:General Social Survey 1972-2004

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

GPD

USA

France

20 year trends

Life satisfactionFrance

Japan

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Alcohol Problems• Growing number

of alcohol related deaths

• Huge increases in binge drinking

• Over 1 million children affected by parentalby parental alcohol problems (Strategy Unit, 2004).

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Debt

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Depression• Becoming more common• 3rd leading cause of lost years of

“Quality of Life” • ranking above cancers, stroke,

diabetes, and obstructive lung disease

• Predicted by World Health Organisation to be the leading burden of disease in developed nations by 2020

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Why, despite real increases in income and wealth over the last income and wealth over the last 40 years, are we seeing rises in various forms of unhappiness –including obesity, drug use and depression?p

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How measured?

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

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3 components:

1. Frequent pleasant

Subjective Wellbeing

q pEmotions

2. Infrequent unpleasant Emotions

3. Good Satisfaction with Life

• Overall

• Different aspects

Pleasant emotions

• Contentment• Happiness• Hope

Unpleasant emotions

• Sadness• Worry• Anger

Satisfaction with Life

• Overall • Health• Appearance Different aspectsHope

• Joy• Love• Friendship• Curiosity• etc

Anger• Hate• Shame• Guilt• Stress

Appearance• Love life• Work• Neighbourhood• Meaning

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Where does happiness come from?

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Genes Studies of families and

twins who have been “adopted away” (and adopted away (and grow up in different environments) suggest that our genes contribute about 50% of our happiness levels happiness levels

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Circumstances• Make a difference• Not as much as people Not as much as people

think• Where we live, our

age, our sex, etc only contribute perhaps 10-15% towards our happiness levels

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

choices

A big chunk of our happiness A big chunk of our happiness (~35%) is determined by our:BehaviourAttitudes Thinking patternsThinking patterns

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Where does SWB come from?

Set point50%

Circumstances10-15%

Choices, activities and behaviours

35-40%

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The Happiness Formula

H = S + C + V

Set pointVolition

Things weCircumstances

Things we choose to do

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Vicious and virtuous circles Downward and upward spirals

Wellbeing and Performance

levelhappiness

healthoptimism

success

More positive relationships

• Lose job• Start drinking• Relationship break upp p• Become angry• Problems with law• Lose house• etc

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

How to Flourish?

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Making Slough H

Do these for two months and see the difference they make!

1. Get physicalExercise for half an hour three times a week

2. Count your blessings

Happyy g

At the end of each day, reflect on at least five things you’re grateful for

3. Talk timeHave an hour-long uninterrupted conversation with your partner or closest friend each week

4. Plant somethingEven if its a window box or pot plant. Keep it alive!

5. Cut your TV viewing by half

6. Smile at and/or say hello to a stranger At least once each day

7 Ph f i d7. Phone a friendMake contact with at least one friend or relation you have not been in contact for a while and arrange to meet up

8. Have a good laugh at least once a day

9. Every day make sure you give yourself a treatTake time to really enjoy this

10. Daily kindnessDo an extra good turn for someone each day

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Dr Tim’s top 20 tips protecting and improving wellbeing

• Discover and use your strengths • Live in harmony with your values• Notice good things

• Cultivate gratitude

• Build friendships

• Increase contact with nature

• Become more active

• Make progress towards valued goals

• Reduce unhelpful thinking

• Learn to be

• Get involved

• Acts of kindness

• Savouring

• Watch less TV• Experience more “flow”

• Stop rating yourself

• Cultivate forgiveness and let go of grudges

• Reduce materialism

• Develop resilience

• Seek help

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

What does this meanWhat does this mean for the sector ?

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The future of fitness…

Is not fitness

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

GP?

Counselling?

12%?

LTC?14m

Poor wellbeing?

20m

g

Education sector?

Motivational seminar?

Religion?

New age?

Person seeking more wellbeing g

Life coach?

Community wellbeing Centre?

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

• Health coaches• Wellbeing coaches

WellbeingCentre ?

Gym

• Classes• Programmes• Advice• Activities• Referrals

g• Wellbeing programmes• On-line support• Skills development

Health Club

• Classes• Programmes• Advice• Activities• Referrals

• Instructor• Kit• Changing

• Instructor• Kit• Changing

• Instructor• Kit• Changing

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Health and wellbeing coach?

Fitness instructor

• Fitness assessment• Gym inductions

C t

• Assesses health and wellbeing• Identifies strengths• Clarifies values• Coaches and guides• Empowers and activates• Collaborates and informs• Builds self-efficacy

wellbeing coach?

• Creates programmes• Reviews progress• Walks floor• Takes classes

• Builds self-efficacy• Cognitive-behavioural skills training• Positive psychology exercises• Tracks progress• Telehealth coaching and e-wellbeing support

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Its been tried before…..

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

“the health doctor, just like the sickness doctor, needs

The “instruments of health”1936

tools, but they are of a very different kind - the gymnasium, the swimming pool, the cafeteria and so on. It is natural that the instruments of health should be varied because health covers a very wide field and includes physical, medical, social and even

economic life..”

Lucy Crocker Biologist and “curator of the instruments of health”.

Pioneer Centre Annual Report 1936.

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

The Peckham Experiment

• Family oriented facility

• Established before the war by two physicians in South London

• Believed proper social • Believed proper social and physical environments were key to a persons long-term health

• Saw themselves as biologists trying to: biologists, trying to:

“create the right conditions for health to emerge”

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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Conclusions....• Millions lack wellbeing and aren’t sure where to find it• The NHS may not be the best place to goy p g• The fitness industry could be....• This will need:

– New eyes– New mindsets– New skills– Leadership

The UK could evolve the world’s first

National Health and Wellbeing System

(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011

Thank you

Dr Tim Anstiss

[email protected]

www.academyforhealthcoaching.co.uky g

07973 255946