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TESTIS AND SPERMATIC CORD
Introduction
• Male gonad.• Homologous with ovary.• Function:-
– Production of spermatozoa.
– Secretion of testosterone.• Shape :-
– Oval/ellipsoid.• Measurements:-
– 4x3x2.5 cms
External features
• Two poles.• Two surfaces.• Two borders.
• Epididymis
Covering
• Tunica vaginalis.– Persistent lower
portion of processus vaginalis.
• Tunica albuginea.– Thick dense layer of
fibrous tissue. • Tunica vasculosa.– Inner most vascular
layer lining the lobules.
Structure
Blood supply
• Arterial supply:-– Testicular
artery• Venous
drainage:-– Pampinifor
m plexus of veins.
Lymphatic drainage
Descent of testis
•WHY???• Testis develops in the abdominal cavity.• Processus vaginalis.• Gubernaculum testis.• Sequence:-
– Loin to iliac fossa – 3rd month of IUL.– Deep inguinal ring – 4th – 7th IUL.– In the inguinal canal – 7 th IUL.– External Inguinal ring – 8th IUL.– Scrotum – 9th month.
Descent of testis
Factors responsible for descent
• Differential growth of the body wall.• Increased intra-abdominal pressure &
temperature.• Hormones ( male hormones produced by
testis)• Contraction of gubernaculum.
Embryological remnants • Appendix of testis
– Remnant of mullerian duct.
• Appendix of epididymis.– Mesonephric remnant
APPLIED
Hydrocele
Varicocele– Reasons:-• ???
Testicular Ca
Imperfect descent of the testis
• May be incomplete descent or ectopia testis.• Cryptorchidism – absence of testis in one
scrotum.• Incomplete descent :- types• Ectopia testis – deviation from the normal
path of descent.
Undescended Testis
Torsion of testis
EPIDIDYMIS
Epididymis
• Comma shaped structure.• Made up of highly coiled tubes that act as
reservoirs of the spermatozoa.• Parts:-– Head, body , tail.– Head connected to the upper pole of testis by
efferent ductules.
SPERMATIC CORD