STROKE / ICTUS (PARTE 1)

FRANCISCO JOSE BRASERO ORTEGA - BAND 6 STROKE NURSE

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STROKE / ICTUS FRANCISCO BRASERO ORTEGA

BAND 6 –STROKE NURSE : ENFERMERO DE PRIMERA INTERVENCION ANTE ICTUS / STROKE (UNITED KINGDOM) NHS QUEEN ELISABETH ROYAL HOSPITAL KINGS LYNN (CAMBRIGDE)

WEST RAYNHAM WARD NURSE IN CHARGE


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STROKE WARD


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PART 1

• THE STROKE

• ACT FAST


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STROKE / ICTUS


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WHY DO STROKES HAPPEN?• Why do strokes happen?• Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients

provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death.

• There are two main causes of strokes:• ischaemic – where the blood supply is stopped due to a

blood clot (this accounts for 85% of all cases)• haemorrhagic – where a weakened blood vessel supplying

the brain bursts


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haemorrhagic STROKE

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ischaemic STROKE



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ICTUS -- IMNOVACIONES

• ACTUACION FAST

• FACE• ARM• SPEECH• TIME


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FAST• The main symptoms of stroke can be remembered with the

word FAST: Face-Arms-Speech-Time.• Face – the face may have dropped on one side, the person may

not be able to smile or their mouth or eye may have dropped.• Arms – the person with suspected stroke may not be able to lift

both arms and keep them there because of arm weakness or numbness in one arm.

• Speech – their speech may be slurred or garbled, or the person may not be able to talk at all despite appearing to be awake.

• Time – it is time to dial 999 immediately if you see any of these signs or symptoms.


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FAST


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STROKE WARD• Service description• We provide expert specialist critical assessment, rapid imaging and the

ability to deliver intravenous thrombolysis 24/7. The service is provided within a dedicated area on the stroke unit (West Raynham Ward).

• Our patients benefit from:• Being seen and assessed by a member of the specialist stroke team

within 30 minutes of arrival• Early multidisciplinary assessment• Being assessed and managed by stroke nursing staff and at least one

member of the specialist rehabilitation team within 24 hours of admission to hospital

• Daily Consultant lead ward rounds 7 days per week


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STROKE RISK SCORECARD


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TIA – MINI STROKE

• What is a TIA (mini-stroke)?• Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is also called

'mini-stroke'. It is similar to a stroke and has the same signs, but gets better within 24 hours. However, it could be a warning sign of a more serious stroke and it is vital that it gets the same F.A.S.T. action by calling 999.


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ACT FAST

• Why you must Act F.A.S.T.• A stroke is a medical emergency that requires

immediate medical attention. So recognising the signs of stroke and calling 999 for an ambulance is crucial. The sooner somebody who is having a stroke gets urgent medical attention, the better their chances of a good recovery.

• Rapid diagnosis of TIA (mini-stroke) allows urgent steps to be taken to reduce the risk of having a stroke.


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ACT FAST- RISK FACTORS

• Reducing your risk• Some people are more at risk of having a stroke if they

also have certain other medical conditions. These include:

• High blood pressure• High cholesterol• Atrial fibrillation (an irregular heartbeat)• Diabetes• It is important that these conditions are carefully

monitored and treated.


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ACT FAST – RISK FACTORS• There are also lifestyle factors that may increase the risk of

having a stroke. They include:• Smoking• Being overweight• Lack of exercise• Poor diet• Exceeding the recommended daily alcohol limit.

The NHS recommends women should not regularly drink more than 2-3 units a day and men should not regularly drink more

than 3-4 units a day.


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1- what is a stroke ?

• What is a stroke?

• A stroke is a brain attack. It happens when the blood supply to part of your brain is cut off. Find out more about the different types of stroke and why they happen.


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2 -What happens when you have had a stroke?

• What happens when you have had a stroke?

• Can you recognise the symptoms of stroke? Find out what they are and what you need to do if you see them.


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STROKE !!


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3 - Are you at risk of stroke?

• Are you at risk of stroke?

• Anyone can have a stroke, but some people are more at risk than others.

• Find out what could be putting you at risk.


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4 -Reduce your risk of stroke

• Reduce your risk of stroke

• Most strokes can be prevented. By making simple changes to your lifestyle you can reduce your risk of stroke.

• Find out what you can do.


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5 - What can I do to reduce my risk?

• What can I do to reduce my risk?

• Most strokes can be prevented. Although you cannot change some of the things that increase your risk of stroke, like your age, there are others that you can change.

• There are six simple things you can do to reduce your risk:• Manage your medical conditions• Stop smoking• Drink less alcohol• Stay a healthy weight• Do more exercise• Eat a healthy diet


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6- What problems do people have after a stroke?

• What problems do people have after a stroke?

• All strokes are different so for some people the effects may be relatively minor and may not last long, while others may be left with more serious long term problems.


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What problems do people have after a stroke?


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7 -A stroke can affect the way your body functions

• A stroke can affect the way your body functions

• Although all strokes are different, there are some common physical problems that many people experience:

• problems with movement and balance: many people experience muscle weakness or paralysis after a stroke, which can affect your mobility and balance. This usually happens on one side of your body and can also cause a lot of pain and discomfort.

• problems with your vision• problems with swallowing• problems controlling your bladder and bowels• excessive tiredness.


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8-other effects that you can’t see

• But there are other effects that you can’t see

• Some of the ‘hidden’ effects of stroke include:

• problems with communication: many people have difficulty with speech and language after their stroke. A common communication problems, which affects around one third of stroke survivors, is aphasia. People with aphasia find it difficult to speak and understand what other people are saying to them, as well as reading and writing.


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other effects that you can’t see

• problems with memory and thinking: it’s very common to find that their short-term memory and concentration is affected by stroke, but it can also affect other thinking processes as well, such as problem-solving, planning and finding your way around.


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other effects that you can’t see

• changes to your emotions: a stroke has an emotional impact, which can lead to problems like depression and anxiety. It can also make it more difficult to control your emotions.

• changes to your behaviour.


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9- IF I,VE A STROKE

• I've had a stroke

• A stroke is not something you prepare for. So you’re going to have a lot of questions when it happens. That’s why we’re here. We have lots of information to help you understand what’s happened and get the support you need.

• Here we’ve tackled some of the questions that you're likely to have, including details of how to find out more.


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IF I,VE A STROKE

• What’s happened?• Because a stroke happens so quickly, often

people leave hospital without being completely sure what’s happened or why. But it’s important that you are. You need to understand what a stroke is and the things that can make it more likely to happen, so that you can do all you can to reduce the risk of it happening again.


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IF I,VE A STROKE• Will I get better?

• Because every stroke is different, there is no set pattern for recovering from one. So it can be difficult to say how well or how quickly you’ll recover.

• It’s likely that you’ll see some immediate recovery in the first few days and weeks after your stroke. After this early burst of recovery, progress tends to slow down. This is normal and doesn’t mean that you won’t recover any further.

• Getting better will involve rehabilitation, which is about overcoming and adapting to the effects of your stroke. Your therapists will give you exercises and advice to help your relearn abilities you have lost and how you new ways of doing things. Starting your rehabilitation as soon as possible after your stroke will help to avoid further problems from developing and give you the best chances for recovery.


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IF I,VE A STROKE

• Will I have another stroke?

• For many stroke survivors, their greatest fear is having another stroke.

• Once you’ve had a stroke your risk of having another is increased, but understanding what factors may have caused your stroke will help you know how to reduce your risk of having another one. If you’re not clear, go back to your doctor and ask.


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END OF PART ONE - THANKS

Health & Medicine

STROKE / ICTUS (PARTE 1)