SOCIOLOGY

AMANY RASHAD ABOEL-SEOUD

Prof. COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Zagazig University, EGYPT

CONTENTS Definitions, sociology in relation to

health and disease. Health concept, Determinants of

Health Health promotion Changing health behavior Communication & Health Education Social Marketing The role of health institutions and

health professionals in society

DEFINITIONS Society: system of inter relationships of

man in his group. May be country, village, school, factory.. etc

Social science deals with man behavior in his society, including history, geography, civics and politics.

Medical sociology: deals with relation between health and social factors as environmental conditions surrounding man and affects his health, traditions, lifestyle behaviors, self treatment, values, customs and cultures. It is concerned also with the distribution of health care services and in particular the inequalities in health care (health disparities)

Social security/ Social insurance: الضمان security given to man by social االجتماعىgovernmental or private organizations for risks he is exposed as sickness, loss of work, violence, death, accidents, fire and disability

Social defense: for protection against antisocial, criminal behaviors of man as beggary, prostitution, alcoholism. Social system that defends the society against crime by treating and defending the offended.

Social disease: diseases that have social stigma and human interactions as TB, AIDS and leprosy

Social problems: poverty, crime, starvation, alcoholism, STD, addiction, street children, lonely elderly , discrimination.

Social factors affecting health & disease: level of socioeconomic standard determine health status of individuals as per-capita income, family size, literacy, poverty, malnutrition, unemployment.

Social conditions affect & are affected by health and disease

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY Comprises different elements including: Social epidemiology: the study of

socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors in relation

to the causes of disease and mortality diagnosis

Development and organizational dynamics of occupations and professions in healthcare services, hospitals, health maintenance and long-term care organizations. It includes inter-organizational relationships between patient and physicians ttt

The reactions of societies to illness, including cultural meanings and normative expectations

The social policies, social movements, and economic conditions that shape and are shaped by health and disease within countries, as well as in

a comparative, international context The social patterns of the utilization of health

services, the relationship of health care delivery systems to other social institutions, and social policies toward health.

MAIN TOPICS IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

Social causes of disease and illness

Reasons for seeking particular types of medical service

Patient compliance or noncompliance with medical advice.

Health servicesFor S.vulnerable groups

IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY Social behavior plays a critical role in

determining or/and influencing the health of individuals, groups, and the larger society.

The most important thing for all specialties in Medicine is the diagnosis of disease in patients but studying the underlying cause of disease, spread, cultural effects, the ability to control among all family members and friends, neighborhood (family diagnosis) is also important for control that disease in the community.

Many facts relating social conditions to diseases as low social classes had higher morbidities and mortalities than higher classes

The spread of diseases is heavily influenced by: the socioeconomic status of individuals, ethnic traditions or beliefs, cultural factors and types of nutrition

More than one individual in the same family are affected by the disease

DATA NEEDED FOR SOCIAL MEDICINE RESEARCH: Socioeconomic / demographic data: as

age, family size, education, occupation, habits, income, residence, position in siblings, etc..

Conditions of house: available facilities Nutritional status, breast feeding,, types

of food, food habits Marital status: divorce, death of parents Satisfaction with available services,

attendance, immunization coverage Prevailing health services, types Political, legal, religious aspects

affecting H

ROLE OF MEDICAL SERVICES IN SOCIETY (COMMUNITY MEDICINE)

Health promotion of all people: life style modification, health education.

Co-operation with other sectors affecting health, change polices, put legislations

Research studies to improve health, prevent diseases, help handicaps

Diagnosis & treatment of diseased, prevent spread to others. Acceptable, qualified health services

Health impact assessment for all projects

Sharing in local community in planning or in solving social

problems related to health Counseling Share in controlling disasters Community participation,

mobilization, increasing advocacy Assessment of QOL ,quantify

pensions for disabled

FAMILY AS A SOCIAL UNIT It is the primary unit of society It consists of group of

biologically related individuals living together and eat from the same kitchen (household may include servants)

Family members share common genes, physical, social, cultural and environmental conditions.

FAMILY CYCLE Formation: marriage Extension: birth of 1st child Complete extension: birth of last child Contraction: 1st child leave home, death

of members Complete contraction: last child leave,

death of parents. Not all family cycles are the same

TYPES OF FAMILIES Nuclear family: married couples &Their dependent children Joint family: extended, includes married

couples and their children, in rural areas, usually men are related by blood. All properties in house belong to all. Senior man has the authority, they give strength to each other, continue family name.

Three generation family: children,parents and grandparents.

Broken family: divorce, died , separated

FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY: Residence: to offer clean comfortable place Distribution of functions Reproduction, child rearing Socialization of children before school Economic support * Health care Social support during labor, stress,

insults, care of elderly, handicappedFamily acts as placenta feeding its

members with filtered beneficial habits required to be physically, socially & mentally healthy

CULTURAL FACTORS IN FAMILY AFFECTING HEALTH Concept of disease etiology, treatment:

evil eye, god’s will, past mistakes, spirit or ghost.

use of folk remedies, plants, zar, hegab Unsanitary disposal of sewage, refuse:

in street, public places, in water, animal breading inside houses.

Food habits: vegetarians, fasting, certain type of cooking, utensils, additives, food staffs, male eats more and first

Child labor:by daya, no antenatal care, kohl

wrapping, no bath, breast feeding

Personal hygiene: no bath, oral /teeth hygiene, shared shaving, circumcision, drinking from same cup, cutting nails, wearing shoes. Smoking sheesha

Early marriage, childbirth

SOCIAL MEDICINE=HEALTH FOR ALL